Coffee is undoubtedly one of the world’s most popular drinks. In addition to being a delicious and pleasant way to start the day, a hot cup of coffee also serves the useful __1__ of giving one a boost of energy. The source of this boost is no big __2__—caffeine. Coffee contains a significant amount of caffeine, a substance that stimulates both physical and mental activity in humans. However, not every person __3__ to caffeine in the same way. Some people actually feel more tired after drinking coffee. The reason for this has to do with how caffeine works inside the human body.
Specifically, caffeine affects the body’s adenosine activity. Adenosine is a chemical in the body that __4__ the sleep cycle. What normally happens is that adenosinebuilds up gradually during the day so that one feels tired and sleepy in the evening. When a person __5__ caffeine, adenosine production is unaffected; however, the caffeine stops the brain from receiving the adenosine. Therefore, when the caffeine eventually __6__ the body, all that built-upadenosine is received by the brain at the same time, and then one has to deal with strong, sudden feelings of sleepiness.
Another reason drinking coffee may make you tired is that coffee is a diuretic, so drinking a lot of coffee can lead to dehydration. Hence, it may cause one to feel __7__. Finally, the sugar in coffee may increase one’s tiredness as well. Because the body processes sugar much faster than caffeine, one may experience an energy drop after sugar is __8__ by your body.
Of course, these energy crashes can be avoided by consuming __9__ amounts of coffee each day. By sticking to a sensible amount, you can ensure that your daily coffee breaks still serve the purpose of making you feel more __10__ without making you crave a nap later in the afternoon or evening.
(A) moderate (B) leaves (C) awake (D) secret (E) takes in (F) function (G) used up (H) reacts (I) exhausted (J) influences
答案： 1. F 2. D 3. H 4. J 5. E 6. B 7. I 8. G 9. A 10. C
選項解析
(A) moderate [ˋmɑdərɪt] a. 適度的
• Drinking moderate amounts of red wine is said to be good for one’s health. 飲用適量的紅酒據說對健康有益。
(B) leave [ liv ] vt. & vi. 離開
• What time does the train leave the station? 火車什麼時候離開車站？
(C) awake [əˋwek] a. 醒著的 & vt. 叫醒
• We can’t tell if Calvin is asleep or awake. 我們看不出來卡文到底是在睡覺還是醒著。
• My cat sometimes awakes me when I am taking a nap. 當我小睡時，我的貓有時會叫醒我。
(D) secret [ˋsikrɪt] n. 祕密 & a. 祕密的
• Mary is not the kind of person who keeps secrets. 瑪莉不是那種會保守祕密的人。
• Connie entered through the secret door. 康妮經由那道祕門進來。
(E) take in... 吸收∕攝取……
• Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. 植物吸收二氧化碳並釋放氧氣。
(F) function [ˋfʌŋkʃən] n. 功能 & vi. 運作
• Many people buy this cellphone because of its extra functions like speed dialing. 許多人買這隻手機是因為它有快速撥號這類的附加功能。
• This keyboard hasn’t functioned properly since Betty spilled water on it. 自從貝蒂把水灑到鍵盤後，它就一直無法正常運作。
(G) use up... / use... up 用完∕用光……
• Mark used all his energy up in the first half of the basketball game. 馬克在籃球賽的上半場時就耗盡了所有體力。
(H) react [rɪˋækt] vi. 反應（常與介詞 to 並用）
• The doctor observed the child to see how he would react to the medicine. 醫生觀察那名兒童對該藥物的反應為何。
(I) exhausted [ɪgˋzɔstɪd] a.（人）感到筋疲力竭的
exhaust [ɪgˋzɔst] vt. 耗盡，消耗
• The students were exhausted after the hike in the mountains. 學生在山中健行後便筋疲力盡了。
(J) influence [ˋɪnflʊəns] vt. & n. 影響
• What my English teacher said influenced my final decision. 我英文老師說的話影響了我最後的決定。
• Exercise has an influence on health. 運動對建康有所影響。
Tips&Analysis
1. ..., a hot cup of coffee also serves the usefulfunction of giving one a boost of energy.
理由
a. 空格前有形容詞 useful（有用的），而空格後有介詞 of，故知空格應置入名詞以被 useful 修飾。 b. 選項中有 (D) secret、(F) function 及 (J) influences 符合條件，根據語意，一杯熱咖啡除了是開始一天的一種美味和愉快的方式之外，還具有提振活力的有用「功能」，故答案應選 (F)。
2. The source of this boost is no big secret—caffeine.
理由
a. 空格前有形容詞 big（大的），故知空格應置入名詞以被 big 修飾。 b. 選項中尚有 (D) secret 及 (J) influences 符合條件，根據語意，咖啡具有提振活力的有用功能，這種增強的來源並不是什麼大「祕密」 ―― 咖啡因，可知答案應選 (D)。
3. However, not every person reacts to caffeine in the same way.
理由
a. 空格前有名詞詞組 not every person（並不是每個人）作主詞，視為單數，而空格後有介詞 to，故知空格應置入第三人稱單數不及物動詞或片語動詞。 b. 選項中有 (B) leaves 及 (H) reacts 符合條件，根據語意，並不是每個人對咖啡因的「反應」都相同，可知答案應選 (H)，且置入後亦符合 “react to...” 的用法。
4. Adenosine is a chemical in the body that influences the sleep cycle.
理由
a. 空格位在 that 引導的形容詞子句中，關係代名詞 that 代替先行詞 chemical（化學物質），作該形容詞子句的主詞，而空格後有名詞詞組 the sleep cycle（睡眠週期），且根據本句時態，故知空格應置入現在式第三人稱單數及物動詞或片語動詞。 b. 選項中有 (B) leaves、(E) takes in 及 (J) influences 符合條件，根據語意，腺苷是體內一種「影響」睡眠週期的化學物質。一般的情況下，腺苷在白天逐漸增加，所以人們晚上會感到疲倦想睡，故答案應選 (J)。
5. When a person takes in caffeine, adenosine production is unaffected...
理由
a. 空格位於 When 引導的副詞子句中，空格前有名詞詞組 a person（一個人）作主詞，空格後有受詞 caffeine（咖啡因），且根據本句時態，空格應置入現在式第三人稱單數及物動詞或片語動詞。 b. 選項中尚有 (B) leaves 及 (E) takes in 符合條件，根據語意，當我們「攝取」咖啡因時，腺苷的生成不受影響，故答案應選 (E)。
6. Therefore, when the caffeine eventually leaves the body, all that built-upadenosine...
理由
a. 空格位於 when 引導的副詞子句中，空格前有名詞詞組 the caffeine（咖啡因）作主詞和副詞 eventually（最後），空格後有受詞 the body（體內），且根據本句時態，故知空格應置入現在式第三人稱及物動詞或片語動詞。 b. 選項中僅剩 (B) leaves 符合條件，置入後表當咖啡因最後從體內「消退」，所有堆積的腺苷會同時被大腦接收，人們必須面對隨之而來強烈的、突然的睡意，故選之。
7. Hence, it may cause one to feel exhausted.
理由
a. 空格前有不完全不及物動詞 feel（感覺），故知空格應置入形容詞。 b. 選項中尚有 (A) moderate、(C) awake 及 (I) exhausted 符合條件，根據語意，喝咖啡可能會讓人感到疲倦的另一個原因是咖啡是一種利尿劑，所以喝很多咖啡會導致脫水。因此，這可能會讓人感到「筋疲力盡」，可知答案應選 (I)。
8. ..., one may experience an energy drop after sugar is used up by your body.
理由
a. 空格前有 be 動詞 is，而空格後有介詞 by，故知空格置入形容詞、分詞或名詞。 b. 剩餘選項皆符合條件，根據語意，因為身體處理糖分的速度比處理咖啡因來得快多了，所以在身體「用完」糖分後可能感受到能量下降，故答案應選 (G) used up。
9. ... these energy crashes can be avoided by consumingmoderate amounts of coffee each day.
理由
a. 空格前有動名詞 consuming（攝取），而空格後有名詞詞組 amounts of coffee（咖啡量），故知空格應置入形容詞以修飾 amounts of coffee。 b. 剩餘選項皆符合條件，根據語意，透過每天飲用「適量的」咖啡可以避免這些能量耗盡的現象，可知答案應選 (A) moderate。
10. ... feel more awake without making you crave...
理由
a. 空格前有不完全不及物動詞 feel（感覺），故知空格應置入形容詞。 b. 選項中僅剩 (C) awake 符合條件，置入後表藉由持續飲用適量的咖啡，可以確保每天的咖啡時間仍然能夠讓人感到更「清醒」，故選之。
Words in Use
1. undoubtedly [ʌnˋdaʊtɪdlɪ] adv. 無疑地
• Belle was undoubtedly the best candidate for the job. 貝兒無疑是這份工作的最佳人選。
2. boost [bust] n. 增進
• My father’s presence at my first baseball game gave me a boost. 父親在我第一場棒球比賽中出現，大大鼓舞了我。
3. significant [sɪgˋnɪfəkənt] a. 重大的；相當數量的
• Under Professor Johnson’s guidance, Henry’s English showed a significant improvement. 在強森教授的指導下，亨利的英文有顯著的進步。
4. substance [ˋsʌbstəns] n.物質
• Cigarettes contain a substance called nicotine, which can be addictive. 香菸含有尼古丁這種可能會上癮的物質。
5. stimulate [ˋstɪmjə͵let] vt. 促進，刺激
• The politician promised to stimulate the economy by creating more jobs. 這名政治人物承諾要藉由創造更多工作機會來刺激經濟。
6. specifically [spɪˋsɪfɪk!ɪ] adv. 具體來說
• Specifically, our clients think we need to improve our services. 具體來說，我們的客戶認為我們的服務有待改善。
7. eventually [ɪˋvɛntʃʊəlɪ] adv. 最後
• If you work hard, you will eventually achieve your goals. 如果你努力，最後一定會達成目標。
8. process [ˋprɑsɛs] vt. 處理（資料、數據等）
• The machine processed the information and gave me an answer in minutes. 這臺機器處理了訊息並在幾分鐘內就給了我答案。
9. consume [kənˋsum] vt. 攝取（食物）
• Harry consumed most of the chips and pretzels I bought for the party. 哈利把我為派對買的洋芋片和椒鹽脆餅吃掉了一大半。
10. sensible [ˋsɛnsəb!] a. 適當的；明智的
• Spending money like that isn’t a sensible thing to do. 像那樣子花錢並非明智的做法。
11. ensure [ɪnˋʃʊr] vt. 確保
• The company took many measures to ensure its product’s success. 該公司採取了很多措施以確保其產品大賣。
Practical Phrases
1. have to do with... 與⋯⋯有關
• Brian’s loss of appetite has to do with his being homesick. 布萊恩沒胃口與他的鄉愁有關。
2. build up 漸漸增加
• I could feel the tension building up between the two tennis players. 我能感受到這兩名網球選手之間緊張的氣氛逐漸升高。
3. deal with... 處理……
• You should deal with the problem instead of trying to escape it. 你應該處理問題而不是試圖逃避。
4. stick to... 固守∕堅持……
• Stick to what you believe in and never give up. You will eventually get what you want. 堅持你所信仰的並且永不放棄。你終將會得到你想要的。
5. serve the purpose of... 有……的功能∕目的
• The meeting served the purpose of promoting peace in the Middle East. 這次會議的目的在於促進中東和平。
