Recently, veganismhas been steadilygaining steam. This lifestyle choice __1__ the use of animal-based products, especially when it comes to one’s diet and clothing. However, animal products are used in such a wide range of__2__ that living as a true vegan can prove to be a difficult challenge for many people. Those who play the violin, for example, have traditionally had no __3__ but to use instrumentsthat relyheavily onglues made from the skin, bones, and tendonsof animals to holdthem together. Fortunately for these vegan musicians, however, this is no longer the case.
Padraig O’Dubhlaoidh, an Irish violin maker, recently made the first violin to be __4__ with The Vegan Society’s Vegan Trademark. He created the NT$300,000 instrument at his workshopin the Malvern Hills district of England during the coronaviruslockdown. According to O’Dubhlaoidh, a customer had __5__ him about making a veganinstrument a number of years ago. The craftsmanhad long thought that animal products were not necessary to build a violin. Moreover, he was troubled by the thought of the __6__ dilemma that some vegan musicians faced when they were forced to play instruments that were not vegan-friendly. Therefore, he set aboutmaking a violin that was free from materials such as horsehair, hooves, horns, or bones, animal products that have historically been used in the __7__ of violins.
O’Dubhlaoidh’s vegan-friendly violin uses glue made from wild berries and spring water rather than traditional materials that are __8__ from animals. He even claims that the acousticproperties of his vegan violin are better than __9__ models. This is mainly because the glue he uses causes less tension on the wooden __10__ of the instrument. He’s certain that eco-friendlyinstruments like the one he has created will become more common in the coming years.
(A) conventional (B) moral (C) production (D) excludes (E) sourced
(F) components (G) goods (H) approached ( I ) option (J) registered
答案： 1. D 2. G 3. I 4. J 5. H 6. B 7. C 8. E 9. A 10. F
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●
steadily
[ˋstɛdəlɪ]
adv. 不斷地，漸漸地
=
gradually
=
progressively
With the breeze blowing steadily from the window, I couldn’t help but fall asleep.
微風從窗口徐徐吹來，我忍不住睡著了。
多益藍色
英檢中級
高中 Level 3
●
-based
[best]
suffix. （形容詞詞尾）以⋯⋯為主要成分的
This is a garlic-based sauce.
這種醬是以蒜頭為主要成分。
●
fortunately
[ˋfɔɪtʃənɪtlɪ]
adv. 幸運地
=
luckily
Fortunately, Rex found the money he had lost. 很幸運地，雷克斯找到他遺失的錢。
高中 Level 4
●
district
[ˋdɪstrɪkt]
n. （行政）區
=
area
=
zone
Which district of the city do you live in?
你住在這座城市的哪一區？
高中 Level 4
●
dilemma
[dəˋlɛmə]
n. 進退兩難
Sophie is in a dilemma about whether to quit her job or not.
蘇菲在是否要辭職的決定當中進退兩難。
多益藍色
英檢中高
高中 Level 5
●
historically
[hɪsˈtɔrɪkəlɪ]
adv. 過去，在歷史上
Philadelphia is a historically important city as well as a very interesting one.
費城是個歷史重鎮，也是個相當有趣的城市。
多益金色
●
property
[ˋprɑpɚtɪ]
n. 財產（不可數）；特性（可數）
=
quality
=
possessions
They lost all their property in the fire.
他們在這場大火中失去了所有財產。
One property of diamonds is hardness.
堅硬是鑽石的一項特性。
多益綠色
英檢中級
高中 Level 3
●
tension
[ˋtɛnʃən]
n. 緊張
=
nervousness
There was a lot of tension between the two countries after the terrorist attack.
發生恐攻後，兩國之間的關係很緊張。
多益藍色
英檢中級
高中 Level 4
●
eco-friendly
[ˋiko͵frɛndlɪ]
adj. 環保的
This eco-friendly method is a win-win situation for everyone.
這項環保方案對大家而言都是雙贏的局面。
●
rely
[rɪˋlaɪ]
vi. 依賴；信賴
三態
rely / relied [rɪˋlaɪd] / relied [rɪˋlaɪd]
A happy marriage relies on mutual trust.
幸福的婚姻端賴互相信任。
I trust Steve very much. I know he is a man I can always rely on.
我很信任史提夫。我知道他是一個可信賴的人。
多益藍色
英檢中級
高中 Level 3
●
hold
[hold]
vt. 握著；抓住；夾住；托住；支承
vi. 持續，保持；頂住，支持
n. 抓住，握住；握法
三態
hold / held [hɛld] / held [hɛld]
Paul held his new baby gently in his arms.
保羅輕柔地把他剛出生的寶寶摟在懷裡。
We ll be holding a meeting at noon today.
今天中午我們要舉行會議。
Hold on while I grab my jacket.
等一下，我拿件外套。
The worker took hold of the rope and pulled it hard.
工人握住繩子猛力一拉。
Jenny used glue to hold these two pieces of paper together.
珍妮用膠水把這兩張紙黏起來。
All the students in class hold their professor in high regard.
班上所有的學生都很尊敬他們的教授。
高中 Level 1
●
vegan
[ˋvɛgən]
a. 純素的
n. 嚴守素食主義者
●
veganism
[ˈviːgənɪzəm]
n. 素食主義
●
instrument
[ˋɪnstrəmənt]
n. 樂器（= musical instrument）；器械 / 具
=
tool
How many musical instruments can you play?
你會彈奏幾種樂器？
A scale is a common instrument in science.
磅秤是科學中常用的工具。
多益棕色
英檢初級
高中 Level 2
●
tendon
[ˋtɛndən]
n. 肌腱
●
trademark
[ˋtred͵mɑrk]
n. . 商標
The Coca-Cola company registered its trademark to
prevent it from being copied by the competition.
可口可樂公司註冊其商標以防止同行仿冒。
英檢中級
高中 Level 6
●
workshop
[ˋwɝk͵ʃɑp]
n. 研討會；工作室
=
seminar
=
studio
A three-day writing workshop will be hosted by the renowned author Mr. Miller.
為期 3 天的寫作研討會將由知名作家米勒先生主辦。
The carpenter transformed the garage into a workshop for hand-made furniture.
這名木匠將車庫改裝成一間製作手工傢俱的工作室。
多益金色
英檢中級
高中 Level 5
●
coronavirus
[kə`ronəˌvɑɪrəs]
n. 冠狀病毒
●
lockdown
[ˈlɑkˌdɑʊn]
n. 封鎖
●
craftsman
[ˋkræftsmən]
n. 工匠；技工
●
hooves
[ˋhuvz]
n. 蹄（複數形）
英檢中高
●
hoof
[huf]
n. 蹄（單數形）
英檢中高
●
acoustic
[əˋkustɪk]
a. 聲音的；（樂器）原聲的
英檢中高
Practical Phrases
●
gain / gather / pick up / get up steam
越來越受歡迎；加大馬力
After a week, the fundraising project began to gain steam.
一週後，籌款活動開始變得熱絡起來。
●
a wide range of...
各式各樣的／範圍廣大的⋯
This suit shop has a wide range of quality tuxedos to choose from.
這家西裝店有各式各樣的高級晚宴服以供選擇。
●
rely on...
依賴……；信賴……
= count on...
= depend on / upon...
I know he is a man I can always rely on.
我知道他是一個可信賴的人。
●
hold... together / hold together...
使連在一起
Jenny used glue to hold these two pieces of paper together.
珍妮用膠水把這兩張紙黏起來。
●
set about...
著手做⋯⋯
Ray set about cleaning up the house after the party.
派對後，小雷著手清理房子。
6. Moreover, he was troubled by the thought of the moral dilemma that some vegan musicians faced when they were forced to play instruments that were not vegan-friendly.
理由
a. 空格前有定冠詞 the，而空格後有名詞 dilemma (兩難)，故知空格應置入形容詞以修飾 dilemma。
b. 選項中尚有 (A) conventional 及 (B) moral 符合 條件，根據語意，奧杜力對一些純素音樂家面臨的 「道德」困境感到不安，因為他們不得不演奏對嚴 守素食主義者不友善的樂器，可知答案應選 (B)。
7. Therefore, he set about making a violin that was free from materials such as horsehair, hooves, horns, or bones, animal products that have historically been used in the production of violins.
理由
a. 空格前有定冠詞 the，而空格後有介詞of，故知空 格應置入名詞。
b. 選項中尚有 (C) production 及(F) components 符合條件，根據語意，奧杜力著手製作一種沒有使用馬毛、蹄、角或骨頭等原料的小提琴，這些動物製品是過去用來「製作」小提琴的原料，可知答案應選 (C)。
8. O’Dubhlaoidh’s vegan-friendly violin uses glue made from wild berries and spring water rather than traditional materials that are sourced from animals.
理由
a. 空格前有 be 動詞are，而空格後有介詞from，故知空格應置入形容詞、分詞或名詞。
b. 剩餘選項皆符合條件，根據語意，奧杜力為嚴守素 食主義者製作的小提琴使用了由野生漿果和泉水製 成的膠水，而非使用「取材於」動物的傳統原料，可知答案應選 (E) sourced。
9. He even claims that the acoustic properties of his vegan violin are better than conventional models.
理由
a. 空格前有介詞 than，而空格後有名詞 models(型 號)，故知空格應置入形容詞以修飾 models。
b. 選項中僅剩 (A) conventional 符合條件，置入後 表奧杜力聲稱他的純素小提琴聲音特性比「傳統 的」型號更好，故選之。
10. This is mainly because the glue he uses causes less tension on the wooden components of the instrument.
理由
a. 空格前有形容詞wooden(木製的) ，而空格有介詞 of，故知空格應置入名詞以被 wooden 修 飾。
b. 選項中僅剩 (F) components 符合條件，置入後表奧杜力的純素小提琴聲音特性比傳統的型號更好主 要是因為他使用的膠水對樂器木頭的「部分」造成 的拉力較小，故選之。
