World War I and World War II were the defining events of the 20th century, killing perhaps 100 million people in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Some six million of the victims were ethnic Jews, who were systematically hunted and murdered by the German Nazi party in an attempt toeradicate them. A chilling reminder of the Holocaust◆, as that evil strategy is known today, can be found on the banks of one of Europe’s loveliest rivers, the Danube. A walk along the Danube Promenade◆ in Budapest, the capital of Hungary, reveals a stark◆ testimony to the savage treatment of the Jews. Sixty pairs of cast-iron◆ shoes made in a 1940s style, with toes pointing into the river, greet visitors strolling along the riverside. They are a haunting reminder of the atrocity◆ that occurred there in the winter of 1944-1945. Hungary was one of the more than a dozen European countries which were controlled directly or indirectly by Nazi Germany from 1939 until the end of the war in 1945. The local Hungarian government at the time shared Adolph Hitler’s vision of exterminating◆ all Jewish people. Members of that government, the Arrow Cross party, lined Jews up along the waterfront◆. These captive Jews were ordered to remove their shoes and were then shot so that their bodies fell into the water to be washed downstream◆ out of Budapest. The shoes, which were valuable during the war, were taken by the murderers to sell or use for themselves. The row of iron high-heels, loafers◆, work boots, and baby shoes are a testament to the merciless forces of anti-Semitism◆. The work of director Can Togay and sculptor Gyula Pauer, Shoes on the Danube Bank serves as a sober reminder of the Holocaust for all to see. --------------------------------------- 1. What is this passage mainly about? (A) Whether World War I or World War II was worse. (B) The spread of Nazi power during World War II. (C) The resistance in Hungary to Nazi Germany. (D) A chilling example of Nazi anti-Semitism. --------------------------------------- 2. What does the word “atrocity” in the second paragraph most likely mean? (A) Unexpected result. (B) Cruel behavior. (C) Historic significance. (D) Little-known fact. --------------------------------------- 3. According to the passage, what did the murderers do with the shoes that the captive Jews were ordered to take off? (A) They threw them into the water to be washed downstream. (B) They made them artwork along the Danube Promenade. (C) They used them to greet their visitors. (D) They either sold them or used them. --------------------------------------- 4. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage? (A) The death toll of Jews during World War II. (B) The extent◆ of Nazi power during World War II. (C) What happened to Hungary at the end of World War II. (D) Why the Danube Promenade victims removed their shoes.
◆ the Holocaust 二次大戰納粹對猶太人的大屠殺 holocaust n. 大屠殺；浩劫 ◆ promenade n. 海濱步道 ◆ stark a. 鮮明的；明顯的 ◆ cast-iron a. 鑄鐵製的 ◆ atrocity n. 殘暴行為 ◆ exterminate vt. 根除，滅絕 ◆ waterfront n.（城市的）濱水區 ◆ downstream adv. 向下游地，順流地 ◆ loafer n. 不用繫鞋帶的便鞋 a pair of loafers 一雙便鞋 ◆ anti-Semitism n. 反猶太主義 ◆ extent n. 範圍；程度
1. in an attempt to V 為了要∕以便……
= in order to V
= in an effort to V
• Passengers screamed in terror when the terrorists took out their guns in an attempt to hijack the plane.
當恐怖分子掏出槍來企圖劫機時，機上乘客全都害怕地尖叫。
• The candidate visited the voters in an attempt to get their support.
這名候選人拜訪選民以便獲得他們的支持。
2. line... up / line up... 使……排隊；排列……
line up 排隊；排成一列
• John lined up some bottles against the wall.
約翰把一些瓶子靠著牆排好。
• Hundreds of fans lined up to get the singer’s autograph.
好幾百位歌迷排隊等著得到這名歌手的親筆簽名。
1. defining a. 標誌性的，決定性的
• This significant event will be a defining one in our history.
這個意義重大的事件將會是我們歷史上具標誌性的一個。
2. systematically adv. 有系統地
systematic a. 有系統的
• An efficient worker does everything systematically.
有效率的員工做什麼事都有系統。
3. eradicate vt. 根除，消滅
• It’s virtually impossible to eradicate all the rats in a city.
要消滅一個城市中的所有老鼠幾乎是不可能的。
4. testimony n. 證明；證詞
be a testimony to... 是……的證明
• The judge decided that the witness’s testimony was not reliable.
法官認定這名證人的證詞不可靠。
• The success of our plan is a testimony to the importance of teamwork.
我們計畫的成功證明了團結合作的重要性。
5. savage a. 凶殘的；野蠻的
• Cannibalism is considered savage behavior.
食人被認為是野蠻的行為。
＊cannibalism n. 食人；同類相食
6. stroll vi. 散步（= walk）
• Jay strolled around the old town and came to a church that was over a hundred years old.
阿傑在舊城區散步，來到一座有百年以上歷史的教堂。
7. haunting a.（因一種令人憂傷的美麗而）讓人難忘的，縈繞心頭的
haunt vt.（某事）縈繞於心；（鬼魂）經常出沒於
• Joseph was haunted by the memory of the terrible accident.
那場可怕的意外事故在喬瑟夫的腦海中揮之不去。
8. captive a. 被俘虜的
• We hope the captive victims will be set free soon.
我們希望被俘虜的受害者能夠早日被釋放。
9. testament n. 證明，證據
be a testament to... 是……的見證
• Joe’s success is a testament to his years of hard work.
阿喬的成功是他多年努力的見證。
10. merciless a. 冷酷的，無情的
• The merciless terrorists randomly picked people to kill.
這些無情的恐怖分子隨機挑選人殺害。
11. sober a. 嚴肅的；冷靜的
• While giving his speech, the speaker was in a very sober mood.
在演講中，講者表現得十分嚴肅。
12. resistance n. 抗拒；抵抗力
• The policy suffered strong resistance from the working class.
該政策遭受勞動階級強力抵抗。
13. unexpected a. 意想不到的
• This seemingly ordinary plot has an unexpected ending.
這個看似普通的劇情有著令人出乎意料的結局。
14. toll n. 傷亡人數
the death toll 死亡人數
• The death toll was initially reported at around 300.
最初報導的死亡人數約為三百人。
memorial n. 紀念碑；紀念館 & a. 紀念的，追悼的 • The villagers set up a memorial after the war. 村民在戰後建了一座紀念碑。 • The memorial hospital is named after its founder. 這座紀念醫院是以其創辦人的名字來命名的。 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 字首 mem- 表「紀念；記憶」，常見單字介紹如下： a. memorable [ `mEmJrJbL ] a. 值得紀念的；難忘的 • We took hundreds of photos during our memorable trip to Egypt. 我們在那趟難忘的埃及之旅拍了上百張照片。 b. memorabilia [ :mEmJrJ`bIlIJ ] n. 紀念品；收藏品 • Even today, a lot of people are interested in collecting Elvis Presley memorabilia. 即使在今天，很多人對收集貓王的紀念品仍有興趣。 c. memoir [ `mEmwar ] n. 回憶錄（常用複數） • Bill Clinton published his memoirs in 2004. 比爾‧柯林頓於 2004 年出版了自己的回憶錄。 d. memo [ `mEmo ] n. 備忘條；備忘錄 （為 memorandum [ :mEmJ`rAndJm ] 的縮寫） • May wrote a memo for the boss concerning the date of the meeting. 阿梅寫了一張有關這次會議日期的備忘條給老闆。 e. memory [ `mEmJrI ] n. 記憶（力） • Ian cannot get rid of the painful memory from his childhood. 伊恩無法擺脫童年時期那段痛苦的回憶。 f. memorize [ `mEmJ:rZIz ] vt. 記住；背熟 • If you want to study chemistry, you need to memorize the periodic table of elements. 如果你要學化學，你需要把化學元素週期表背好。
These captive Jews were ordered to remove their shoes and were then shot so that their bodies fell into the water to be washed downstream out of Budapest. 介紹 “so that...” 與 “so... that...” 的用法 ※ so that + S + V 如此∕以便…… = in order that + S + V a. so that / in order that 為表示「目的」的副詞連接詞，引導副詞子句以修飾主要子句，且 so that / in order that 所引導的副詞子句通常用簡單式，或要有助動詞 may、can 或 will。 • Whenever Julie goes shopping, she takes a list so that she doesn’t forget anything. 每次茱莉去購物時都會帶一張清單，以免忘記。 b. 在 so that... 用法中，可省略 that 而單獨使用 so，但 in order that... 中的 that 則不可省略。 • Paul works hard so (that) he may give his family a better life. 保羅努力工作好讓家人生活過得好一點。 c. so that / in order that 所引導的副詞子句主詞若與主要子句的主詞相同時，此副詞子句可改為副詞片語 so as to V，即等於 (in order) to V。 • Jim set out for the airport early in the morning so as to avoid any traffic jams. 吉姆一大早就動身前往機場以避開塞車。 ※ so + Adj./Adv. + that + S + V 如此……以致於…… a. 此句構用來表示某事物達到某種程度而導致的結果，so 為副詞，表「如此地」，其後接形容詞或副詞；that 則為副詞連接詞，引導的副詞子句修飾其前的 so。that 在此用法中可予以省略，或用逗號來取代。 • David worked so hard that he eventually became a successful businessman. 大衛如此努力，因此終於成了一位成功的商人。 • The lady was so elegant(,) I couldn’t take my eyes off her. 那位女士如此優雅，讓我的目光無法離開她。 b. 若將 so 及所引導的詞類置於句首時，後面要採倒裝句構。 • So nice is Mandy that everyone likes her. 曼蒂人非常好，因此大家都喜歡她。
