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道路上的守護神 ―― 紅綠燈 The Origins of Red, Yellow, and Green Traffic Lights

The Origins of Red, Yellow, and Green Traffic Lights
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道路上的守護神 ―― 紅綠燈 The Origins of Red, Yellow, and Green Traffic Lights
紅燈停,黃燈慢,綠燈行。全世界的交通號誌都是這三種顏色,且代表一樣的指令。
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        Red means stop, yellow means slow down, and green means go. Around the world, traffic lights come in these three colors and represent the same instructions. Even young children are familiar with this before they get behind the wheel . But where and why was this color scheme first used?

        Before traffic lights were invented, traffic police stood at major intersections to direct traffic. In 1868, the first traffic lights were installed at a busy intersection in London. But the idea for them, proposed by a railway engineer, had already been used on railway lines for decades. When train engineers saw a red light, they stopped. Red was chosen because, being the color of blood, it had represented danger for centuries. Meanwhile, a white light meant go, and a green light told the driver to exercise caution. White was used simply because it required no color filter. Green was chosen probably because it contrasts nicely with red. This system seemed to work well; however, when the color filters for red and green lights fell off, they appeared white and accidents occurred. As a result, white was eliminated, and yellow was adopted to represent caution, while green meant go. Yellow was suitable because it differentiated itself from the other two colors.

 

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單字片語整理

Words in Use
represent
[͵rɛprɪˋzɛnt]
vt. 代表;象徵
install
[ɪnˋstɔl]
.vt. 裝設,安裝;使就任(此意多用被動語態)
meanwhile
[ˋmin͵hwaɪl]
adv. & n. 同時
exercise
[ˋɛksɚ͵saɪz]
vt. 操練;使用(權利等)
n. 練習題
n. & vi. & vt. 運動
caution
[ˋkɔʃən]
n. 小心,謹慎
vt. & vi. 警告
contrast
[ˋkɑn͵træst]
n. 對比,差異
vt. 對比
eliminate
[ɪˋlɪmə͵net]
vt. 消除,排除;殲滅 (敵人)
adopt
[əˋdɑpt]
vt. 採用,採納
vt. & vi. 收養
differentiate
[͵dɪfəˋrɛnʃɪ͵et]
vt. & vi. . 區別
explode
[ɪkˋsplod]
vi. 激增
vt. & vi. 爆炸,炸掉
practically
[ˋpræktɪk!ɪ]
adv. 實際地
universal
[͵junəˋvɝs!]
a. 普遍的,全宇宙的;全世界的
n. 眾人皆知的概念或特色
scheme
[skim]
vt. & vi. 策劃,密謀
n. 詭計,陰謀
intersection
[͵ɪntɚˋsɛkʃən]
n. . 交叉(點);十字路口(可數)
engineer
[͵ɛndʒəˋnɪr]
n. 工程師
vt. 策劃
standardize
[ˋstændɚd͵aɪz]
vt. 使標準化
extract
[ɪkˋstrækt]
n. 萃取物
vt. 提煉;摘錄;獲取(情報、錢)
publish
[ˋpʌblɪʃ]
vt. 出版;發表,公開
explosion
[ɪkˋsploʒən]
n. 爆炸;(感情、笑聲等的)爆發
Practical Phrases
slow (...) down / up
 (使……)放慢速度

Slow down, or you’ll get a ticket.
放慢速度,否則你會被開罰單。

come in
 某物有⋯⋯的顏色/尺寸

The shirt comes in three sizes: small, medium, and large.
這款襯衫三種尺寸:小、中和大。

be familiar with...
 熟悉……

Are you familiar with my boss?
我老闆嗎?

fall off
 掉落,脫落

After I took the shirt out of the washing machine, its top button fell off.
我從洗衣機拿出我的襯衫後,上面的第一顆扣子掉了

be powered by
 由⋯⋯提供電/動力

We saw a car powered by solar energy at that car exhibition.
我們在那場車展中看到一臺太陽能驅動的汽車。

a color filter
 彩色濾光片
behind the wheel
 開車

I get nervous whenever my wife is behind the wheel.
每當我太太開車時,我都很緊張。

vary from country to country
 因國家而異

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作者

Nick Kembel
Nick Kembel
Don’t let the noise of other people’s opinions drown your inner voice.
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