閱讀測驗
Every Monday, alarms go off, and people get ready for the start of the school or their workweek. Five days later, on Friday afternoon, students and workers celebrate the beginning of the weekend. Almost all around the world, people follow the same schedule: five days of learning or laboring and two days of rest and relaxation. Have you ever wondered why everyone sticks to this routine?
Let’s address the issue of the seven-day week first.This dates back to ancient Babylon, some 4,000 years ago. It was all about the seven classical planets in the solar system─The Sun, the Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn. As keen astronomers and astrologers, the Babylonians attached great importance to the solar system, which influenced how they tracked the days. The Babylonians believed in many gods and associated them with the seven classical planets, which was why they settled on seven days in a week.
The concept of the five-day workweek, on the other hand, is a much more recent invention. That makes sense if you consider that before the Industrial Revolution, most people lived on farms, which required daily labor and chores. The idea of taking days off from work only emerged with the rise of industrial work. In fact, the earliest recorded use of the term “weekend” occurred in 1879.
The idea of a weekend as we know it didn’t immediately catch on, though. Many jobs required workers to be on-site seven days a week. However, the need for time off for church on Sunday or temple on Saturday pushed employers to permit small breaks in workers’ schedules. Also, as labor unions grew more powerful, workers called for and received two full days off each week, as well as more reasonable working hours and safer working conditions. Later in the 1930s, during the Great Depression, the two-day weekend became the norm, since a shorter workweek was considered a remedy for underemployment.
Wages for unskilled labor are usually not very high.
非技術性勞力的薪資通常不會很高。
Kate was in labor for almost four hours before she gave birth to a healthy baby boy.
凱特分娩了將近四個小時才生下一個健康的男寶寶。
George labored late into the night in order to finish his report.
為了完成他的報告,喬治工作到很晚。
Children should be given chores to do in order to teach them responsibility.
家庭雜務應該分配給小孩子,好教會他們責任感。
Mom said that I could go out and play after I did my chores.
媽說我做完家務後,就可以到外頭玩了。
Replying to vague client requests became a frustrating chore for the design team.
回應模糊不清的客戶需求成了該設計團隊的苦差事。
Ben suddenly emerged from behind the door, which frightened me.
班突然從門後冒出來,嚇了我一跳。
The startup quickly emerged as a serious competitor in the AI industry.
那間新創公司迅速成為人工智慧產業中的強大競爭者。
A rainbow emerged after the heavy rain stopped.
大雨停後出現了一道彩虹。
New types of jobs continue to emerge.
新型態的工作不斷興起。
The herb can be used as an effective remedy for headaches.
這種藥草可被用作治療頭痛的有效藥方。
The politician thinks the remedy is to throw more money at the problem.
這政治家認為補救辦法是往這問題上砸更多的錢。
We have taken steps to remedy the situation.
我們已採取措施來補救這情況。
Lung cancer is mostly associated with smoking.
肺癌大多與吸菸有關。
If I were you, I wouldn't associate with that guy. He's a gangster.
如果我是你的話,我不會和那名男子有所往來。他是幫派分子。
Most people associate Christmas with snow and colorful lights.
大部分人把聖誕節和雪、五彩繽紛的燈光聯想在一起。
Sending kids to daycare centers is gradually becoming the norm in modern society.
把孩子送到托兒所在現代社會已經逐漸變成一種常態。
This student’s reading ability is above the norm for her age group.
這個學生的閱讀能力超過她年齡群的標準。
Social norms are different throughout the world, so it’s best to do a little research before traveling.
每一個國家的社會規範都不一樣,所以旅行前最好做一些研究。
Ted was late for work this morning because he didn’t hear the alarm clock going off.
泰德今天早上上班遲到,因為他沒有聽到鬧鐘響。
Whatever I do, I stick to my principles.
不管做什麼事,我都會緊守原則。
Emily stuck to her study schedule and made steady progress.
艾蜜莉遵照她的讀書計畫,並且穩定進步。
My mother's antique table dates back to the early 1800s.
我老媽的古董桌可追溯至十九世紀初。
According to scientists, these fossils date back to 2000 BCE.
根據科學家的說法,這些化石可追溯至公元前兩千年。
People associate stuffed animals with children.
人們常會將填充動物玩偶和小孩子聯想在一起。
The couple hasn't settled on a name for the baby.
那對夫妻還沒決定好寶寶的名字。
What Sean says doesn’t make sense.
尚恩說的話沒道理。
This new fashion trend is starting to catch on among teenagers.
這種新的時尚趨勢開始在青少年之間流行起來。
每逢星期一,鬧鐘一響,人們就準備好開始去上學或去工作的 一週。五天之後,在星期五下午,學生及工作者慶祝週末的開始。 幾乎在世界各地,人們都遵循相同的日程安排:五天學習或工作, 兩天休息和放鬆。你是否曾經想過為什麼每個人都遵守這個慣例?
讓我們先來探討一週七天這個議題。這可以追溯到古巴比倫, 大約四千年前。這全關乎太陽系中的七顆古典行星 ── 太陽、月 亮、火星、水星、木星、金星和土星。身為熱衷的天文學家和占星 家,巴比倫人非常重視太陽系,其影響了他們記錄日子的方式。巴 比倫人信仰許多神祇,並將這些神祇與七顆古典行星聯繫在一起, 這就是為什麼他們決定一週有七天。
另一方面,五天工作制的概念是更加近期才發明的。若你考 慮到在工業革命前,大多數的人們都還住在農場(編按:工業革命 前,人們多半從事農牧業),而農場需要人們每天勞動和做雜事,那 這件事就十分合理了。休假的概念是隨著工業性質工作的興起才出 現的。事實上,最早記載「週末」一詞的使用出現於 1879 年。
不過,我們所知這個週末的概念並沒有立刻流行開來。許多工 作要求工作者一週七天要實地到場工作。然而,週日上教堂或週六 去寺廟的休假需求,促使僱主允許工作者的日程安排中有片刻的休 息時間。此外,隨著工會力量愈來愈壯大,工作者要求並獲得每週 兩個全天休假,以及更合理的工作時間和更安全的工作環境。接著 在 1930 年代後期的經濟大蕭條期間,兩天的週休成為常態,因為 縮短一週工作的時間被認為是解決就業不足問題的一種補救措施。
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