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✶大氣壓力推一把 液體嘩啦進嘴巴 The Science of the Simple Drinking Straw
The Science of the Simple Drinking Straw
#素養 #數位·科技·科學 #娛樂·新奇
難度 收藏文章
數千年來，吸管是人類用來幫助自己解渴的最基本工具之一。
>> 準備要「墜」入夢境？大腦嚇到喊救命！You’re Faaallling—But Not Really
目錄 /科普園地
Straws are one of the most basic tools that humans have been using for thousands of years to help quench our thirst. They are so common that people rarely think of how they work. Most assume that straws work by pulling liquid through them into the mouth. However, the science behind straws is a little more complicated.
>> 曬出你的推角，童心永遠不老Cute Culture Speaks Out Loud
To understand how straws function, you have to first grasp the concept of air pressure, or atmospheric pressure. Air pressure is the force exerted by the weight of the air surrounding us, though we can neither see nor feel it. It presses on the surface of all objects, including any liquid inside a cup. When a straw is placed in a cup of water, the air pressure acting on the water both inside and outside the straw is equal. However, air will be removed from the straw with the suction of liquid, making the pressure inside the straw lower than the pressure outside. The greater pressure outside the straw will then push the liquid inside the straw up into the mouth until the pressure levels are equal again. Thus, rather than only being sucked up by a straw, the liquid is also pushed up by differences in pressure levels.
If straws rely on atmospheric pressure to function, it begs the question: Can straws work in outer space? Space is almost like a vacuum where there is not enough force to propel liquid. Therefore, using a straw in outer space outside the artificial atmosphere of a space station would be impracticable. Luckily, our planet has a stable atmosphere that allows us to use straws for all of our favorite drinks.
What Did You Learn?
1. How will pressure change when one sucks liquid from a straw?
2. Why don’t straws work in space?
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●n. 稻草（不可數）；吸管（可數）=hayYou look very charming when you wear that straw hat.
妳戴著那頂草帽時模樣真迷人。The little boy used a straw to drink his juice.
小男孩用一根吸管來喝果汁。When the boss asked him to work overtime again, John said, “That’s the last straw! I quit!”
老闆要他再加班時，約翰便說：『我已到了忍無可忍的地步了！老子不幹了！』高中 Level 3●vt. 假定，（想當然地）認為（以 that ... 作受詞）；負起（責任）Paul assumed that his girlfriend was joking when she said he was ugly.
保羅的女友說他很醜時，他認定她一定是在開玩笑。After his parents passed away, the boy assumed the burden of raising the family.
男孩的父母雙亡後，他便負起養家的責任。I assumed you had already eaten, so I didn't prepare extra food.
我以為你已經吃過了，所以就沒多準備食物。多益藍色英檢初級高中 Level 3●●n. 功能，職責vi. 運作I think one of the functions of art is healing.
我認為藝術的功用之一是療癒。The computer stopped functioning after the power failure.
停電之後，電腦就停止運作了。Rick is an accountant and also functions as a dance teacher.
瑞克是會計師，同時也是名舞蹈老師。The basement also functions as a gym.
地下室也可當健身房使用。多益藍色英檢初級高中 Level 2●vt. 緊抓；理解n. 抓，緊握A man in a black suit grasped Paul by the arm and shook him violently, telling him to stay out of their business.
一名黑衣人抓住保羅的手臂大力搖晃，要他別再管他們的事。Most readers found it hard to grasp the meaning of this poem.
大部分的讀者都覺得難以理解這首詩的意思。Kelly held her husband’s hand in a tight grasp.
凱莉緊緊握住她先生的手。多益金色英檢中級高中 Level 3●●vt. 吸塵n. 真空Barry’s mother asked him to vacuum his room before he left for the afternoon.
貝瑞的媽媽請他下午出去前先把自己的房間用吸塵器吸過。This latest model of vacuum cleaner can move automatically by itself, according to the instructions.
根據使用說明書，這臺最新型的吸塵器可以自動移動。The learning of social skills does not take place in a vacuum.
社交技能是不能在與外界隔離的環境下習得的。英檢中高高中 Level 5●●n. 大氣；空氣；氛圍=feeling=moodThe satellite is fixed at a point just outside the Earth’s atmosphere.
那枚衛星被安置在地球大氣層外的某個定點上。Mildew easily forms in my room because of the damp atmosphere.
因為空氣很潮溼，我的房間很容易長黴。I like the warm and pleasant atmosphere in that coffee shop.
我喜歡那家咖啡廳溫暖又愉快的氣氛。
多益綠色英檢中級高中 Level 4●●Extra Words
●atmospheric[͵ætməsˋfɛrɪk]a. 大氣的●●suction[ˋsʌkʃən]n. 吸入●●impracticable[ɪmˋpræktɪkəb!]a. 行不通的●air pressure氣壓Practical Phrases
●quench one’s thirst止渴I need a glass of water to quench my thirst.
我需要一杯水止渴。●neither... nor...既不……也不…… （＊連接對等的單字或片語；若連接 主詞時，動詞按第 2 個主詞作變 化。）Danny is neither friendly nor generous.
丹尼既不友善也不慷慨。Neither you nor I am wrong.
你沒錯，我也沒錯。●remove A from B將 A 從 B 中除去I removed a coffee stain from the shirt with a special cleanser.
我用一種特別的清潔劑把襯衫上的咖啡漬去掉了。●suck up... / suck... up將⋯⋯吸起來，吸進／吸取⋯⋯The girl sucked up all the juice in her glass with a straw.
那個女孩用吸管吸光了她玻璃杯裡的果汁。●beg the question讓人不禁要問All the findings beg the question: Did humans evolve from apes?
所有的研究結果讓人不禁要問：人類是否是由猿類演化而成的？concept n. 概念
• Beauty itself is an abstract concept that is hard to define.
美本身是一種難以定義的抽象概念。
以下介紹與「概念，想法」相關的易混淆字：
a. concept 尤指抽象的「概念，觀念，想法」，在數學、科學領域特別常見，多用於可明確定義或描述的事物。
b. idea 表具體或抽象的「概念，構想，想法」，可以是針對某人或某事提出的，架構較不如 concept 完整。
• After months of effort, our idea finally evolved into a complete plan.
幾個月的努力過後，我們的構想最終演變成了一個完整的計畫。
c. thought 指的是腦海中出現的「想法」，是透過思考而生的產物。
• The manager asked us to express our thoughts regarding the new regulations.
經理請我們就新規定表達自己的想法。
d. conception [ kJn`sEpSJn ] 作可數名詞的意思是一個人具有的「觀念，思想」；亦可作不可數名詞，表「構思，構想」。
• Some old conceptions about women have been discarded in modern society.
一些與女性相關的老舊觀念在現代社會已被摒棄。
• The author’s conception of the novel developed over the course of six months.
這位作者在六個月的時間內發展該小說的構想。
e. insight [ `In:sZIt ] 表示對事情的「深刻見解，洞察」，是經過分析而領悟出的獨一無二的觀點，可作可數和不可數名詞。
• Dr. Wang’s research provided new insights into the rare disease.
王醫師的研究提供了對該罕見疾病的深刻見解。
大氣壓力推一把 液體嘩啦進嘴巴
數千年來，吸管是人類用來幫助自己解渴的最基本工具之一。吸管非常普遍，以至於人們很少想過它們是如何運作的。大多數人以為吸管是將液體拉上來、穿過管內而抵達口中。但是，吸管背後的科學稍微複雜一點。
要了解吸管如何運作，你得先理解氣壓（或稱大氣壓力）的概念。氣壓是我們四周空氣的重量所施加的力量，不過我們既看不到也感覺不到氣壓。氣壓會壓在所有物體的表面，包含杯子裡的任何液體。當吸管被置於一杯水裡時，施加於吸管內、外水面上的氣壓是相等的。然而，空氣會隨著液體的吸入而從吸管中被移除，這會使吸管內的壓力比吸管外小。吸管外較大的壓力接著會將吸管內的液體往上推至口中，直到內外的壓力值再度相等。因此，液體不僅僅是被吸管吸起來，還被壓力值的差異推進。
如果吸管仰賴大氣壓力來運作，那就帶來了一個問題：吸管在外太空可以用嗎？太空幾乎是真空狀態，沒有足夠的力量能推動液體。因此，在太空站人造大氣外的太空中使用吸管是行不通的。幸好我們的星球有穩定的大氣，能讓我們使用吸管來飲用所有我們喜愛的飲品。
參考答案
1. The pressure inside the straw becomes lower than the pressure outside.
2. Because there is not enough force (in space) to propel the liquid. / Because there is no air / atmospheric pressure (in space).
本篇內容出自《常春藤解析/生活英語雜誌》，
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