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口罩在手 健康我有 Face Masks: Prevention or Just Popular?

這個習慣在二十世紀於日本持續普及,後來傳入許多鄰近的國家。
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8/19 解析英語

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口罩在手 健康我有 Face Masks: Prevention or Just Popular?
為口罩可以過濾空氣中的有害 粒子,人們往往將之視為預防疾病的有用工具。
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目錄 / Words for Reference / 選項解析 / Tips & Analysis / Practical Phrases / Words in Use / 中文翻譯&答案

 Nowadays, face masks are being worn all over the world, but their popularity (outside of hospitals) used to be limited to mainly East Asia. The trend __1__ in Japan in the early 20th century during a worldwide flu pandemic that killed millions. This __2__ continued to grow in Japan throughout the 20th century and then spread to many nearby countries.

 The wearing of face masks has become common in East Asian societies and is a result of multiple historical and cultural __3__. These include not only disease but also beliefs rooted in traditional Chinese medicine, of which qi is a hugely important concept. The Chinese character for qi is __4__ to air, breathing, and energy. People believe that if one is low on qi, they are more likely to fall ill. Thus, maintaining a __5__ of clean air in one’s lungs is important. Because face masks can __6__ harmful particles in the air, people tend to consider them a useful tool for disease prevention.

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 However, the effectiveness of face masks in preventing disease is __7__. According to Dr. David Powell, a medical advisor to the International Air Transport Association, face masks can actually __8__ the spread of germs. Powell stated that viruses can be passed through masks if they are worn incorrectly or for too long. Worse still, if a mask becomes moist, it can become a breeding ground for harmful bacteria. Other experts have noted that face masks are best for people that are sick or particularly __9__, and that healthy people do not need to be constantly wearing them when not in public. Members of the medical community emphasized this as COVID-19 led to face mask __10__. When it comes to disease prevention, authorities advise frequent hand washing or the use of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer as effective ways of controlling the spread of germs.

(A) factors    (B) vulnerable    (C) habit    (D) emerged    (E) supply
(F) contribute to    (G) related    (H) filter out    (I) shortages    (J) debatable

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Words for Reference

    pandemic n.(範圍廣大的)流行病
    character n. 文字
    lung n. 肺(因有兩片肺葉,因此常用複數)
    particle n. 粒子,微粒
    advisor n. 顧問
    germ n. 細菌,病菌
    virus n. 病毒
    a breeding ground  溫床;孳生地
    bacteria n. 細菌(複數形)
     bacterium n. 細菌(單數形)
    COVID-19  新型冠狀病毒
    alcohol n. 酒精
    sanitizer n. 消毒液

 

選項解析

(A)    factor  n. 因素 & vt. 把……作為因素計入 
    factor in... / factor... in  把……作為因素計入

  • Location is an important factor you should consider when buying a house.
    買房子時,地點是你應考慮的重要因素。
  • You should factor in shopping expenses when figuring out the total cost of the trip.
    計算全部的旅費時,應該把購物的費用算進去。

(B)    vulnerable  a.     脆弱的(常與介詞 to 並用)

  • Criminals prey on those who look the most vulnerable. 
    罪犯鎖定那些看來最脆弱的人。
  • Orange trees are vulnerable to sudden changes in weather.
    柳橙樹受不了氣候的突然改變。

(C)    habit  n. 習慣

  • The start of a new year is the perfect time to cast off all of your bad habits.
    新的一年的開端是擺脫所有壞習慣的好時機。

(D)    emerge vi. 出現;浮現

  • Several new singers have emerged in recent months.
    最近這幾個月出現了好幾位新歌手。

(E)    supply  n. 供給(品)& vt. 供給,提供

  • The restaurant gets supplies of fresh vegetables and fruit on a weekly basis.
    這間餐廳每個禮拜都會進新鮮的蔬菜水果。
  • The sponsor supplied the organization with a lot of financial support.
    那家贊助商提供該組織很多金援。

(F)    contribute to...  導致∕造成……;對……有貢獻

  • Andy’s careless driving contributed to the accident.
    安迪魯莽開車導致了這起車禍。

(G)    related a. 相關的
    relate vt. 使有關;聯繫 & vi. 相關
    be related to...  與……相關

  • Spanish and French are related to Latin.
    西班牙文和法文與拉丁文有關。

(H)    filter out...  將……過濾掉
    filter vt. 過濾

  • The ozone layer filters out harmful UV rays from the sun.
    臭氧層過濾掉陽光中有害的紫外線。

 (I)    shortage n. 短缺,不足,缺乏

  • The shortage of skilled personnel is the company’s main problem.
    缺乏有技能的人員是該公司的主要問題。

 (J)    debatable a. 未定論的;可爭論的

  • It’s debatable whether or not the recent reforms have improved conditions.
    近來的改革是否改善了現狀,這問題仍有待討論。

 

Tips & Analysis

1.    The trend emerged in Japan in the early 20th century during a worldwide flu pandemic that killed millions.
 理由 

  • 空格前有名詞詞組 The trend(該趨勢)作主詞,而空格後有介詞 in 及時間副詞片語 in the early 20th century(在二十世紀初期),故知空格應置入過去式不及物動詞或片語動詞。
  • 選項中有 (D) emerged 及 (G) related 符合條件,根據語意,這種趨勢是在二十世紀初期於日本「出現」的,可知答案應選 (D)。

2.    This habit continued to grow in Japan throughout the 20th century and then spread to many nearby countries.
 理由 

  • 空格前有指示形容詞 This,而空格後為過去式動詞 continued(持續),故知空格應置入單數名詞作本句的主詞。
  • 選項中有 (C) habit 及 (E) supply 符合條件,根據語意,這個「習慣」(指前面提及的戴口罩)在二十世紀於日本持續普及,可知答案應選 (C)。

3.    The wearing of face masks has become common in East Asian societies and is a result of multiple historical and cultural factors.
 理由 

  • 空格前有形容詞詞組 multiple historical and cultural(多種歷史與文化的),故知空格應置入複數名詞。
  • 選項中有 (A) factors 及 (I) shortages 符合條件,根據語意,戴口罩在東亞社會中變得相當常見,且是多種歷史與文化「因素」的結果,可知答案應選 (A)。

4.    The Chinese character for qi is related to air, breathing, and energy.
 理由 

  •  空格前有 be 動詞 is,而空格後有介詞 to,故知空格應置入名詞、形容詞或分詞。
  • 選項中尚有 (B) vulnerable、(E) supply、(G) related、(I) shortages 及 (J) debatable 符合條件,根據語意,氣這個中文字與空氣、呼吸和能量「有關」,可知答案應選填 (G) related,且置入後符合 “be related to” 的用法,故為正選。

5.    Thus, maintaining a supply of clean air in one’s lungs is important.
 理由 

  • 空格前有不定冠詞 a,而空格後有介詞 of,故知空格應置入子音開頭的單數可數名詞。
  • 選項中僅剩 (E) supply 符合條件,置入後表維持肺部乾淨空氣的「供給」很重要,與空格前一句提到人們相信如果一個人的氣不足,就更有可能生病相呼應,故選之。

6.    Because face masks can filter out harmful particles in the air, people tend to consider them a useful tool for disease prevention.
 理由 

  • 空格前有助動詞 can,空格後為名詞詞組 harmful particles in the air(空氣中的有害粒子),故知空格應置入原形及物動詞或片語動詞。
  • 選項中尚有 (F) contribute to 及 (H) filter out 符合條件,根據語意,因為口罩可以「過濾」空氣中的有害粒子,人們往往將之視為預防疾病的有用工具,可知答案應選 (H)。

7.    However, the effectiveness of face masks in preventing disease is debatable.
 理由 

  • 空格前有 be 動詞 is,故知空格應置入名詞、形容詞或分詞。
  • 選項中尚有 (B) vulnerable、(I) shortages 及 (J) debatable 符合條件,空格後提到大衛‧鮑威爾博士表示錯誤使用口罩可能會造成病菌穿透口罩,可推知口罩在預防疾病上的效果是「有爭議的」,可知答案應選 (J)。

8.    According to Dr. David Powell..., face masks can actually contribute to the spread of germs.
 理由 

  • 空格前有助動詞 can,而空格後有名詞詞組 the spread of germs(細菌的傳播),故知空格應置入原形及物動詞或片語動詞。
  • 選項中僅剩 (F) contribute to 符合條件,置入後表大衛‧鮑威爾博士表示口罩實際上可能會「導致」細菌散播,可知答案應選 (F)。

9.    Other experts have noted that face masks are best for people that are sick or particularly vulnerable, and that healthy people do not need to be constantly wearing them when not in public.
 理由 

  • 空格前有形容詞 sick(生病的)、對等連接詞 or 及副詞 particularly(特別地),故知空格應置入形容詞以和 sick 形成對等並被 particularly 修飾。
  • 選項中僅剩 (B) vulnerable 符合條件,置入後表其他專家表示,口罩最適合生病的人或是特別「脆弱的」人,可知答案應選 (B)。

10.    Members of the medical community emphasized this as COVID-19 led to face mask shortages.
 理由 

  • 空格前有及物片語動詞 led to(造成)及名詞詞組 face mask(口罩),故知空格應置入名詞以和 face mask 形成名詞詞組以作為 led to 的受詞。
  • 選項中僅剩 (I) shortages 符合條件,置入後表醫學界的成員們在新型冠狀病毒導致口罩「短缺」時,強調了健康者不在公共場所時不需要一直戴著口罩,可知答案應選 (I)。

 

Practical Phrases
  1.     be limited to N/V-ing  侷限於∕限制在……
    • be restricted to N/V-ing
    • Fortunately, the damage caused by the fire was limited to the top floor.
      所幸,火災造成的損害只限於頂樓而已。
  2.     be rooted in...  源自於∕根植於……
    • The city’s traffic problems are rooted in poor planning and overpopulation.
      該市的交通問題源自於規劃不當和人口過多。
  3.     be low on...  ……不足∕將用盡
    • It looks like your front right tire is low on air.
      您的右前輪胎看起來好像沒什麼氣了。
  4.     fall ill  生病
    • After my grandmother fell ill, my mother quit her job to take care of her.
      外婆生病後,我媽媽辭掉工作來照顧她。
  5.     tend to V  往往會∕易於(做)……
    • Sally tends to eat more at night if she skips lunch.
      莎莉要是沒吃午餐,晚餐往往會吃得比較多。
  6.     in public  在公共場所;公開地
    • The celebrity has rarely been seen in public since the scandal.
      醜聞過後,該名人就很少公開露面。

 

Words in Use
  1.     prevention n. 預防;阻止
    • This campaign promotes the prevention of lung cancer.
      該活動宣導肺癌的預防。
  2.     multiple a. 多樣的,多重的
    • John suffered multiple injuries after the serious car accident.
      這起嚴重的車禍造成約翰身體多處受傷。
  3.     historical a. 歷史上的,有關歷史的
    • We learned a lot by visiting all the historical sights in the city.
      我們藉由參訪城裡所有的歷史名勝學到了很多東西。
  4.     concept n. 觀念
    • Children should learn to understand the concept of sharing.
      孩童應該學著了解分享的觀念。
  5.     breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸(本文為動名詞用法)
    • We punched holes in the box so the puppy could breathe.
      我們在箱子上打了幾個洞,好讓小狗能呼吸。
  6.     effectiveness n. 有效,效果
    • effective a. 有效的
    • Tests are being run to determine the effectiveness of the drug.
      現在正在進行一些試驗以確定該藥的效果。
  7.     incorrectly adv. 不正確地
    • The researcher analyzed the data and realized she had done the experiment incorrectly.
      這位研究人員分析了這份數據資料,發現她的實驗做得不正確。
  8.     moist a. 潮溼的
    • Frogs live near wet places to keep their skin moist.
      青蛙棲息在溼地附近以保持其皮膚溼潤。
  9.     particularly adv. 特別地,尤其
    • This novelist is particularly talented in presenting the full range of human emotions.
      該小說家在描寫人類的七情六慾方面特別有才華。
  10.     emphasize vt. 強調
    • Our teacher emphasizes the importance of punctuality.
      我們的老師強調守時的重要性。
  11.     authority n. 權威人士
    • Professor Wu is an authority on American literature.
      吳教授是美國文學的權威人士。
  12.     frequent a. 經常的;頻繁的
    • It seems that earthquakes have been more and more frequent in recent years.
      近幾年來地震似乎越來越頻繁了。

 

中文翻譯&答案

口罩在手 健康我有

  如今,全世界的人都戴口罩,但口罩的普及(在醫院外)從前主要侷限在東亞。這種趨勢是在二十世紀初期於日本出現的,當時一場全球性的流感大流行造成數百萬人死亡。這個習慣在二十世紀於日本持續普及,後來傳入許多鄰近的國家。

  戴口罩在東亞社會中變得相當常見,且是多種歷史與文化因素的結果。其不僅包含了疾病,也帶有源於傳統中醫的觀點,在傳統中醫裡,氣是極為重要的概念。氣這個中文字與空氣、呼吸和能量有關。人們相信如果一個人的氣不足,就更有可能生病。因此,維持肺部乾淨空氣的供給很重要。因為口罩可以過濾空氣中的有害粒子,人們往往將之視為預防疾病的有用工具。

  然而,口罩在預防疾病上的效果是有爭議的。根據國際航空運輸協會醫療顧問大衛‧鮑威爾博士,口罩實際上可能會導致細菌散播。鮑威爾說明,如果沒有正確戴口罩或是使用太久,病毒就可能會穿透口罩。更糟的是,如果口罩溼掉,就可能會成為有害病菌的溫床。其他專家表示,口罩最適合生病的人或是特別脆弱的人,健康者不在公共場所時,則不需要持續戴著口罩。醫學界的成員們在新型冠狀病毒導致口罩短缺時強調了這一點。當提到預防疾病時,權威人士建議常洗手或使用以酒精為基底的消毒液,以作為控制病菌傳播的有效方式。

答案:

1.    D    2.    C    3.    A    4.    G    5.    E
6.    H    7.    J    8.    F    9.    B    10.    I

 

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