



| \ Warm It Up! / |
| 題型 |
| ❶ Andy cooks dinner every night. | |||
| Andy |
|
last night. | |
| 正解 | Andy cooked dinner last night. 安迪昨晚煮晚餐。 |
||
| ❷ Carey is working now. | |||
| Carey |
|
at 4 p.m. yesterday. | |
| 正解 | Carey was working at 4 p.m. yesterday. 凱莉昨天下午 4 點在工作。 |
||
| ❸ My mother had many beautiful dresses when she was 20.(用 used to 改寫) | |||
| My mother |
|
when she was 20. | |
| 正解 | My mother used to have many beautiful dresses when she was 20. 我媽媽 20 歲時有很多漂亮的洋裝。 |
||
| ❹ Tom | |||
| here / worked / has / for |
|
15 years. | |
| 正解 | Tom has worked here for 15 years. 湯姆在這裡工作已經 15 年了。 |
||
| | 一、何謂動詞時態? |
在英語中,動詞因發生的時間不同,而有不同的固定形式。請比較以下三句:
|
現在式
|
Jenny goes swimming every morning. 珍妮每天早上游泳。 |
|
過去式
|
Jenny went swimming yesterday morning. 珍妮昨天早上游泳。 |
|
未來式
|
Jenny will go swimming tomorrow morning. 珍妮明天早上要去游泳。 |
從上面的例句可以看出,三句因發生的時間不同,動詞形式就必須跟著改變,這些不同的動詞形式就是所謂的「動詞時態」。
| | 二、時態的種類有哪些? |
根據動作發生的三種「時間」及四種「狀態」,總共可組合成十二種動詞時態。其中時間可分為三類:現在式、過去式、未來式;狀態可分為:簡單式、進行式、完成式及完成進行式。請比較下列各句中,動詞時態變化跟時間的配合:
➊ 簡單式
|
簡單現在式
|
Jay writes a letter every day. 阿傑每天寫一封信。 |
|
簡單過去式
|
Jay wrote a letter yesterday. 阿傑昨天寫了一封信。 |
|
簡單未來式
|
Jay will write a letter tomorrow. 阿傑明天要寫一封信。 |
➋ 進行式
|
現在進行式
|
Jay is writing a letter now. 阿傑現在正在寫信。 |
|
過去進行式
|
Jay was writing a letter when the telephone rang. 電話鈴響時,阿傑正在寫信。 |
|
未來進行式
|
Jay will be writing a letter at this time tomorrow. 明天這個時候,阿傑會在寫信。 |
➌ 完成式
|
現在完成式
|
Jay has written a letter. 阿傑已經寫好一封信。 |
|
過去完成式
|
Jay had written a letter before I arrived. 在我到之前,阿傑已經寫好一封信。 |
|
未來完成式
|
Jay will have written a letter by the time you come. 在你來之前,阿傑將會把信寫好。 |
➍ 完成進行式
|
現在完成進行式
|
Jay has been writing a letter for three hours. 阿傑已經連續寫了三個小時的信了。 |
|
過去完成進行式
|
Jay had been writing a letter for three hours by the time I came. 等到我來時,阿傑已經連續寫了三個小時的信了。 |
|
未來完成進行式
|
Jay will have been writing a letter for three hours by the time I come. 等到我來時,阿傑將已經連續寫信三個小時了。 |
| | 三、各種時態的使用時機 |
要正確運用動詞時態,就必須熟悉各種時態的使用時機。以下針對最常用的七種時態逐一說明:
➊ 簡單現在式
主詞 + 現在式動詞
ⓐ 功用
1) 表示現在的事實或狀態
It is very cold today.
今天好冷。
Pat has three sports cars.
派特有三部跑車。
2) 表示現在的習慣
Kenny never tells lies.
肯尼從不說謊。
3) 表示不變的事實、真理或格言
The sun rises in the east.
太陽從東方升起。
Honesty is the best policy.
誠實為上策。
ⓑ 使用時機
1) 常與“every...”構成的時間副詞並用,如:every day(每天)、every night (每晚)、every Sunday(每個星期天)、every year(每年)等。
2)表示習慣的句子常與頻率副詞並用,常見的頻率副詞有:
頻率副詞通常置於 be 動詞之後,一般動詞之前,或助動詞與一般動詞之間。
Daddy is always busy with work.
頻率副詞
爸爸總是忙於工作。
My grandmother usually gets up at five in the morning.
頻率副詞
我奶奶通常早上五點起床。
You should always tell the truth.
頻率副詞
你始終都應說實話。
| \ Give It A Try! / | 請重組下列各句。 |
① waters / every morning / My dad / his garden
② his bedroom / a month / Melvin / twice / cleans
③ says hello / That guy / anybody / never / to
④ will always / the secret / keep / for you / I
➋ 簡單過去式
主詞 + 過去式動詞
ⓐ 功用
1) 表示過去的動作或狀態
Angela looked like a doll when she was a baby.
安琪拉在小寶寶的時候,看起來就像個洋娃娃。
Allen was born in 1986.
亞倫出生於 1986 年。
2) 表示過去的習慣
常與片語“used to + 原形動詞”並用。
Mom used to get up early.
= Mom often got up early in the past.
媽媽以前常早起。
ⓑ 使用時機
1) 常與下列表過去的時間副詞並用:
|
... ago
......以前 |
● five minutes ago(5 分鐘前) ● a few years ago(幾年前) |
|
last...
昨......;去(年); 上...... |
● last night(昨晚) ● last year(去年) ● last summer(去年夏天) ● last Friday(上週五) ● last week(上週) |
|
yesterday...
昨天...... |
● yesterday morning(昨天早上) |
|
其他
|
● just now(剛剛) ● the other day(幾天前) ● in 1850(於 1850 年) ● this morning(今早) ● at that time(當時) ● from 2010 to 2020(從 2010 到 2020 年間) |
It was really cold last night.
昨晚真的很冷。
Lisa called a few minutes ago.
麗莎幾分鐘前打電話來。
Bess worked for this company from 2002 to 2024.
貝絲於 2002 至 2024 年間在本公司服務。
2) 句中若無表過去的時間副詞,可使用現在完成式表已發生的事。但若有過去的時間副詞,則只能用過去式,而不能使用現在完成式。請比較下面例句:
The plane has taken off ten minutes ago(. ×)
The plane has taken off(. ○)
現在完成式
飛機已經起飛了。
The plane took off ten minutes ago(. ○)
過去式 過去時間副詞
飛機於十分鐘前起飛了。
| \ Give It A Try! / | 請依提示完成下列句子。 |
⑤ The pandemic will come back next year(. 用 last year 改寫句子) *pandemic n. 大規模流行病
⑥ Peter played the drums in the 2010s.
He doesn’t do it now.(用 used to 合併句子)
Tomorrow is my best friend’s birthday.
明天是我最要好的朋友的生日。
Don’t worry about tomorrow―just live in the moment.
不用擔心未來 — 只管活在當下。
Sam is eating that meal like there is no tomorrow.
山姆好像沒有明天似地狼吞虎嚥吃那頓飯。
The weather forecast said the typhoon would hit the island tomorrow.
氣象預報說明天颱風會侵襲本島。
Don’t tell a soul! This secret is just between you and me.
別告訴任何人!這個祕密只有你知我知。
Rick told Ivy to keep his mistake a secret.
瑞克告訴艾薇要對他所犯下的錯誤保密。
The lawyers met in secret in order to keep their discussions private.
律師們祕密會面以讓討論不公開。
The secret to his success is determination.
他成功的祕訣就是決心。
The secret door leads to the place where the old man hid his treasure.
這扇祕門通往當初那個老人埋寶藏的地方。
We went camping in the mountains last week.
上星期我們去山中露營。
