倒裝句構

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倒裝句構的目的是藉由句中某些詞類的倒置，以強調整個句子的語氣。常見的倒裝句構共有五種，分述如下：

1. 否定倒裝句：就是將否定副詞、否定副詞片語和否定副詞子句移至句首的倒裝句。

a. 常用的否定副詞：

never （從不）、 rarely / seldom （很少）、 hardly / scarcely （幾乎不）、 little （一點兒也不）

b. 常用的否定副詞片語：

by no means / in no way / on no account / under no circumstances （絕對不）、 only by V-ing （ 只有藉由⋯⋯ ）

c. 常用的否定副詞子句：

not until + S + V （直到⋯⋯ ）、 only when + S + V （只有到⋯⋯ 的時候）、 only after + S + V （只有到⋯⋯ 之後）

d. 倒裝方式：

將否定副詞、否定副詞片語或否定副詞子句移至句首，再檢查原句構主詞後的動詞，並採問句句型倒裝。

He has never done it before.

→ Never has he done it before. （他從來沒做過這件事。）

You are by no means the person we are discussing.

→ By no means are you the person we are discussing. （你絕非我們正在討論的人。）

Jim didn ’t start preparing for the exam until the day before.

→ Not until the day before did Jim start preparing for the exam. （吉姆一直到考試前一天才開始準備。）

2. 地方副詞倒裝句：地方副詞（ there 、 here ）或地方副詞片語（ in the room 、 at the station 、 by the window 等）置於句首時，亦可形成倒裝句。此類倒裝句全部依動詞的性質做變化，句型如下：

a. 主詞 + 不及物動詞 + 地方副詞／地方副詞片語

→ 地方副詞／地方副詞片語 + 不及物動詞 + 主詞

A girl sat by the door.

→ By the door sat a girl. （門邊坐著一個女孩。）

b. 主詞 + be 動詞 + 過去分詞 + 地方副詞／地方副詞片語

→ 地方副詞／地方副詞片語 + be 動詞 + 過去分詞 + 主詞

A bird was locked in the cage.

→ In the cage was locked a bird. （籠子裡關著一隻鳥。）

c. 主詞 + be 動詞 + 現在分詞 + 地方副詞／地方副詞片語

→ 現在分詞 + 地方副詞／地方副詞片語 + be 動詞 + 主詞

My father was standing in front of the gate.

→ Standing in front of the gate was my father. （我爸爸正站在大門前。）

3. so / such 倒裝句：在 “so... that...” 或 “such... that...” 的句構中，若將 so 或 such 及其所引導的詞類置於句首時，亦採倒裝句構，句法與否定倒裝句完全相同。

Bill is so helpful that we all like him.

→ So helpful is Bill that we all like him. （比爾這麼樂於助人，因此我們都喜歡他。）

He will play such an important part in the movie that he will get a large percentage of the profits.

→ Such an important part in the movie will he play that he will get a large percentage of the profits.

他在那部電影中所擔任的角色如此重要，因此他將可分得相當大的利潤。

He came so late that he missed the train.

→ So late did he come that he missed the train. （他太晚到，所以沒趕上火車。）

4. 完全倒裝句：

a. 主詞泛指所有的人或物，表「凡是⋯⋯ 的人或物」之意時，可使用本倒裝句。

主詞 + be 動詞 + 形容詞（含可作形容詞的過去分詞或現在分詞）

→ 形容詞 + be 動詞 + 主詞

He / One who is content is happy.

→ Happy is he / one who is content. （知足者常樂。── 凡是滿足的人都是快樂的）

b. 當句子的主詞過長或有過多修飾語時，可將主詞補語移到句首，其後的主詞與 be 動詞倒裝。

The fact that Gary ’s grades have improved by leaps and bounds is noteworthy.

→ Noteworthy is the fact that Gary ’ s grades have improved by leaps and bounds.

值得注意的是，蓋瑞的成績突飛猛進。

5. as 取代 though 的倒裝： though 所引導的副詞子句屬於下列五種句構時， though 可被 as 取代。

a. though + 主詞 + be 動詞 + 形容詞：形容詞可移至句首，再以 as 取代 though 。

Though he is nice, I dislike him.

→ Nice though / as he is, I dislike him. （雖然他很好，我還是不喜歡他。）

b. though + 主詞 + be 動詞 + 名詞：名詞可移至句首，再以 as 取代 though 。但名詞若為單數可數名詞，移至句首時，原有的不定冠詞 a 或 an 一定要省略。

Though he is a nice boy, I dislike him.

→ Nice boy though / as he is, I dislike him. （雖然他是個好孩子，我還是不喜歡他。）

c. though 引導的副詞子句中有副詞時，可將副詞移至句首，此時 though 亦可用 as 取代。

Though he studied hard, he failed the exam.

→ Hard though / as he studied, he failed the exam. （雖然他努力讀書，還是未能通過考試。）

d. though 引導的副詞子句若無副詞時，可在句首添入副詞 much （很），再接 though 或 as 即可。

Though he loves me, I dislike him.

→ Much though / as he loves me, I dislike him. （他雖然很愛我，我就是不喜歡他。）

e. though 引導的副詞子句有助動詞 may 時，其後原形動詞可置於句首，再接 though 或 as 即可。

Though you may try, you can ’t make him change his mind.

→ Try though / as you may, you can ’t make him change his mind.

你儘管嘗試，但你是無法令他改變心意的。

 

精選試題

1. Only when I am late for school ______ take a taxi.

(A) I (B) do I (C) I will (D) and I

2. ______ to see her, he didn’t have the courage.

(A) He wanted much (B) Much he wanted

(C) He wanted as much (D) Much as he wanted

3. 請將本句改為倒裝句：My classmates are playing basketball over there.

 

Ans: 1. (B)　2. (D)　3. Playing basketball over there are my classmates.

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