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當圖片中人物的視線被置於零度角 ─ 也就是直視前方時，就會發生這種情況。
>> 《蒙娜麗莎》被偷走的那兩年When the World’s Most Famous Smile Vanished
目錄 /篇章結構
Have you ever looked into the eyes of a person in a portrait hanging on the wall and had the eerie feeling that they were staring right back at you? Even when you walk around the room, their watchful gaze __1__ your every move. This phenomenon has actually been confirmed as a __2__ illusion with a scientific explanation. Long ago, it was given the term the “Mona Lisa effect” after the masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci.
It occurs when the person portrayed in the picture has their gaze set at a zero-degree angle—looking directly ahead, that is. This would be the same as when a person looks straight into the camera lens when they have their __3__ taken. Even if there’s a slightly sideward glance to the left or right of 5° or less, you’ll still have the __4__ feeling that the person in the picture is looking you right in the eye.
Due to the name of the phenomenon, it would be natural to __5__ that it applies to the actual Mona Lisa itself. Ironically, however, this isn’t the case. In a 2019 study, researchers at Bielefeld University in Germany had 24 subjects look at __6__ of the Mona Lisa on a computer screen. They did so from different distances and angles and made over 2,000 __7__ in total. Interestingly, all of them indicated that she was not gazing directly at them. Instead, they found that her gaze was directed to their right-hand side.
This actually __8__ perfect sense. The Mona Lisa’s angle of gaze does not fall within the 0° to 5° limit required to experience the phenomenon. Rather, her gaze is set at over 15°, which is well outside the __9__ necessary to experience the effect bearing her name. So why is this phenomenon named after her even though the painting doesn’t even __10__ the illusion? Perhaps it is because the people who first coined the term simply thought it was a cool name.
(A) exhibit (B) makes (C) infer (D) images (E) follows
(F) bizarre (G) assessments (H) photograph ( I ) legitimate (J) margin
答案: 1.E 2.I 3.H 4.F 5.C 6.D 7.G 8.B 9.J 10.A
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單字片語整理
Words in Use
●●vi. & n. 凝視，注視Karen gazed at Johnson in amazement when he said that he would marry his elementary schoolmate, Joan.
強森說他要娶小學同學瓊安時，凱倫驚訝地盯著他看。When the woman looked over at him, Ben averted his gaze.
當女子看著班時，他移開視線。I met Judy’s gaze across the crowded dance floor.
我和茱蒂在擁擠的舞池中目光相會。多益金色英檢中級高中 Level 4●●n. 錯誤的觀念；錯覺，幻覺/幻想Fred was under the illusion that he could finish his work on time.
佛萊德誤以為他會準時完工。We had no illusions about winning any design awards in the first place.
我們打從一開始就很清楚我們無法獲得任何設計獎。The mirrors in the small apartment give the illusion that it is spacious.
這間小公寓裡的鏡子製造了一種空間很寬敞的錯覺。多益金色英檢中高高中 Level 5●●●●●vt. 忍受;生(小孩)；結(果實)；帶有，具有n. 熊三態bear / bore [bor] / borne [born]=tolerate=put up with...I can ’t bear all of that noise.
我無法忍受那些噪音。
I can ’t put up with all of that noise.
我無法忍受那些噪音。
Bella bore her first child at the age of 30.
貝拉 30 歲時生了第一胎。
The apple tree will bear fruit this year.
這棵蘋果樹今年會結果。
They say there are bears in the mountains.
據說山中有熊出沒。
This ancient coin bears the image of a famous king.
這枚古幣上有一位著名國王的肖像。英檢初級高中 Level 1●vt. 顯示，現出；展示vi. 展示n. 展覽會；展示品=show=displayThe patient exhibited some early signs of the disease.
該名病患出現了這種疾病的若干早期症狀。The artists exhibited their paintings in the gallery.
這些藝術家在畫廊展示他們的畫作。We visited the calligraphy exhibit at the National Palace Museum.
我們參觀了在故宮博物院展出的書法展。
The museum displayed exhibits about the local culture.
這座博物館陳列關於當地文化的展示品。多益金色英檢中級高中 Level 4●vt. 做，製作;使得;趕到，到達三態make / made [med] / made [med]Jason made a coffee table out of wood.
傑森用木頭做了一張咖啡桌。
Emma’s bag was made of plastic.
艾瑪的背包是由塑膠製成的。
Everybody knows that paper is made from wood.
每個人都知道紙是由木頭製成。
The wind made the curtains move back and forth.
風使得窗簾前後擺動。
Rick made Tori angry by being late for their date.
瑞克約會遲到讓托莉很生氣。
Sam made it to the airport in time to catch his flight.
山姆及時趕到機場搭上飛機。
高中 Level 1●vt. . 推論三態inferred [ ɪn`fɝd ] / inferred [ ɪn`fɝd ]=transfer=refer to...You may infer one’s family background from the way
he or she eats at a dining table.
您可以從一個人在餐桌上吃飯的方式來推斷其家庭背景。From the evidence we’ve found, we can infer that
the victim has a close relationship with the killer.
從我們找到的這些證據可推論，受害者與凶手之間的關係很
親密。多益金色英檢中級高中 Level 6●●三態follow / followed [ˋfɑlod] / followed [ˋfɑlod]=understand=obeyI followed the teacher into the classroom.
我跟著老師進入教室。
Follow the sign, and you ll find the restroom.
順著指標走，你就會找到洗手間。
Please follow these instructions.
請遵從這些指示。
I just can't follow her explanation.
我就是聽不懂她的解釋。
高中 Level 1●●●●a. 合理的 ; 合法的 ; 合法婚生的=legalKelly’s boss didn’t think that going to bed at 3 a.m. was a legitimate excuse for arriving late to work.
凱莉的老闆認為凌晨三點才睡覺不是上班遲到的正當藉口。Hank wasn t sure whether or not the company was really legitimate.
漢克不確定這間公司是否真的合法。Since Gina is Mr. Parker's legitimate child, she is by law a potential heiress to his estate.
既然吉娜是帕克先生的合法婚生子女，她在法律上是可以成為他財產的繼承人。多益金色英檢中高高中 Level 5●n. 頁邊空白；邊緣；利潤；差數=edge=brimPlease write your contact information in themargin.
請把你的聯絡資料寫在紙邊空白處。The refugee camp lies at the margins of the city.
難民營在該市的邊緣地帶。The company tried to increase their profit margin by using poor-quality materials.
這間公司試圖使用低品質的物料來增加淨利率。The lucky boy escaped the car accident by a narrow margin.
這個幸運的男孩勉強逃過了車禍。多益金色英檢中級高中 Level 4●eerie[ˋɪrɪ]a. 怪異而令人恐懼的●watchful[ˋwɑtʃfəl]a. 注意的●sideward[ˋsaɪdwɚd]a. 向旁邊的Practical Phrases
●apply to...適用於……The first half of the questionnaire applies only to graduate students.
這份問卷的前半部只適用於研究生。●數字 + in total總共……= a total ofSeven players left the team in total.
總共有 7 名選手離開球隊。●be (not) the case情況（不）是如此Life for the Johnsons is easier now, but that wasn't the case a few years ago.
強森家的日子現在好過多了，但幾年前並非如此。If what Peter said is the case, you will have to be more careful.
如果情況真如彼得所說，那你就得更加小心了。●look sb right in the eye直視某人Tim looked Mandy right in the eye and told her he loved her.
提姆直視曼蒂的眼睛說他愛她。1. Even when you walk around the room, their watchful gaze follows your every move.
理由
a. 空格前有名詞詞組 their watchful gaze(他們 的目光)，而空格後亦有名詞詞組 your every move(你的一舉一動)，故知空格應置入第三人 稱單數及物動詞。
b. 選項中有 (B) makes 及 (E) follows 符合條件， 根據語意，即使當你在房間裡走來走去，肖像中 的人的目光也會「跟隨」你的一舉一動，可知答案應選 (E)。
2. This phenomenon has actually been confirmed as a legitimate illusion with a scientific explanation.
理由
a. 空格前有不定冠詞 a，而空格後有名詞 illusion (錯覺)，故知空格應置入形容詞以修飾 illusion。
b. 選項中有 (F) bizarre 及 (I) legitimate 符合條 件，根據語意，圖中肖像目光跟隨你的一舉一動 這種現象，被證實為一種有科學解釋的「合理」錯覺，可知答案應選 (I)。
3. This would be the same as when a person looks straight into the camera lens when they have their photograph taken.
理由
a. 空格前有所有格 their，空格後有過去分詞 taken， 故知空格應置入名詞。
b. 剩餘選項中除 (B) makes、(C) infer 及 (F) bizarre 外皆符合條件，根據語意，就像一個人在 「拍照」時直視相機鏡頭一樣，可知答案應選 (H) photograph，置入後亦符合 “take a photograph”的用法。
4. Even if there’s a slightly sideward glance to the left or right of 5° or less, you’ll still have the bizarre feeling that the person in the picture is looking you right in the eye.
理由
a. 空格前有定冠詞 the，而空格後有名詞 feeling(感 覺)，故知空格應置入形容詞以修飾 feeling。
b. 選項中僅剩 (F) bizarre 符合條件，置入後表即使 圖片中人物的視線稍微向左或向右看五度或更小的 角度，你仍然會有照片中的人正直視你的「怪異」 感覺，故選之。
5. Due to the name of the phenomenon, it would be natural to infer that it applies to the actual Mona Lisa itself.
理由
a. 空格前有引導不定詞片語的 to，而空格後有 that 引導的名詞子句，故知空格應置入原形及物動詞。
b. 選項中尚有 (A) exhibit 及 (C) infer 符合條件，根 據語意，由於此現象的名稱，可以自然地「推斷」 它適用於實際的《蒙娜麗莎》本身，可知答案應選 (C)。
6. In a 2019 study, researchers at Bielefeld University in Germany had 24 subjects look at images of the Mona Lisa on a computer screen.
理由
a. 空格前有介詞 at，而空格後亦有介詞 of，故知空格應置入名詞。
b. 剩餘選項中除 (B) makes 外皆符合條件，根據語 意，在 2019 年的一項研究中，德國比勒費爾德 大學的研究人員讓二十四名受試者觀看在電腦螢 幕上的《蒙娜麗莎》「圖像」，可知答案應選 (D) images。
7. They did so from different distances and angles and made over 2,000 assessments in total.
理由
a. 空格前有數字 2,000，而空格後有介詞 in，故知空 格應置入複數名詞。
b. 選項中僅剩 (G) assessments 符合條件，置入後 表研究人員讓二十四名受試者從不同的距離和角度 觀看電腦螢幕上的《蒙娜麗莎》圖像，總共進行了 兩千多次的「評估」，故選之。
8. This actually makes perfect sense.
理由
a. 空格前有指示代名詞 This 及副詞 際上)，而空格後有名詞詞組 perfect sense(完 美的意義)，故知空格應置入第三人稱單數及物動 詞。
b. 選項中僅剩 (B) makes 符合條件，置入後表這 實際上完全合理，故選之，置入後亦符合 “make sense” 的用法。
9. Rather, her gaze is set at over 15°, which is well outside the margin necessary to experience the effect bearing her name.
理由
a. 空格前有定冠詞 the，而空格後有省略關係代名詞 (which / that)及 be 動詞的形容詞子句，故知空格應置入名詞以作為該形容詞子句的先行詞。
b. 剩餘選項皆符合條件，根據語意，《蒙娜麗莎》的 凝視是設在十五度以上，這遠遠超出了體驗以其 名字命名的效應所需的「界限」，可知答案應選(J) margin。
10. So why is this phenomenon named after her even though the painting doesn’t even exhibit the illusion?
理由
a.空格前有助動詞 doesn’t，而空格後有名詞詞組 the illusion(錯覺)，故知空格應置入原形及物動詞。
b. 選項中僅剩 (A) exhibit 符合條件，置入後表如果 這幅畫甚至不能「顯示出」這種錯覺，那這種現象 為什麼還要以她的名字命名呢?故選之。
蒙娜麗莎總是看著你?
你有沒有曾經看著牆上所掛之肖像中的人的眼睛，然後 有一種他們也正盯著你看的怪異感覺?即使當你在房間裡走 來走去，他們的目光也會跟隨你的一舉一動。這種現象其實 被證實為一種有科學解釋的合理錯覺。很久以前，這種現象 被稱為「蒙娜麗莎效應」，是以李奧納多‧達文西的傑作來 命名的。
當圖片中人物的視線被置於零度角 ─ 也就是直視前 方時，就會發生這種情況。這就像一個人在拍照時直視相機 鏡頭一樣。即使稍微向左或向右看五度或更小的角度，你仍 然會有照片中的人正直視你的怪異感覺。
由於此現象的名稱，可以自然地推斷它適用於實際 的《蒙娜麗莎》本身。然而諷刺的是，事實並非如此。在 2019 年的一項研究中，德國比勒費爾德大學的研究人員讓 二十四名受試者觀看在電腦螢幕上的《蒙娜麗莎》圖像。他 們從不同的距離和角度觀看，總共進行了兩千多次的評估。 有趣的是，他們全都表示她並沒有直視著他們。相反地，他 們發現她的目光是投向他們的右手邊。
這實際上完全合理。《蒙娜麗莎》的凝視角不在體驗這 種現象所需的零度到五度範圍內。相反地，她的凝視是設在 十五度以上，這遠遠超出了體驗以其名字命名的效應所需的 界限。那麼，如果這幅畫甚至不能顯示出這種錯覺，那這種 現象為什麼還要以她的名字命名呢?也許是因為最先創造這 個詞的人很單純地認為那是個很酷的名字罷了。
本篇內容出自《常春藤解析/生活英語雜誌》，
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