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✶嬰兒哭聲:激發你本能的保護欲 Why Can’t We Ignore a Crying Baby? (上)
Why Can’t We Ignore a Crying Baby?
#數位·科技·科學
難度 收藏文章
當人類聽到嬰兒哭泣時他們都如何反應
>> 越聊越疏離？小心掉入「更新近況陷阱」Caught in a Catch-Up Trap
探索科學｜本集 精彩教學影片（講解老師：Bruce & Antony 老師）
How do humans always respond when they hear a baby cry?
Have you ever thought about why you can’t ignore a crying baby? You probably wanted to help but weren’t sure exactly what to do. A study has found that human brains respond strongly to a baby’s cries. This is true even if we don’t know the child. Human brains have developed to recognize the cries of babies as more important than those of adults.
Every grown human has this natural instinct. Crying babies cause a burst of activity in areas of the brain that are related to emotion and reward. From a biological angle, the cries are a warning that there may be danger nearby, such as a wild animal. This burst of brain activity serves as an alert system for humans to protect the young.
>> 保溫瓶的小知識 多的是你不知道的事Hot for 130 Years: The Insulated Bottle Story
From a social angle, the cries encourage people to behave in a caring way and can help them build relationships with other adults. By helping a crying child, humans are emotionally satisfied and possibly gain praise from others. This suggests the safety and happiness of children is a basic shared concern, regardless of family connections. We can see the brain’s response to a baby crying as a key survival mechanism for humans.
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●●vi. 反應vt. & vi. 回答=answer=replyThe host asked the singer how she came up with the song, and she responded that it all just came out naturally.
主持人問那位歌手她是怎麼想出這首歌的，她回答說這一切都是自然而然寫出來的。I asked Katie a math question and she responded to it quickly.
我問凱蒂一個數學問題，她很快便回答我。The patient responded well to the new medicine.
病人對新藥的反應良好。The teacher responded with a smile when the students waved at her.
當學生們向那位老師揮手時，她報以微笑。多益藍色英檢中級高中 Level 2●n. 回應；回答；反應（與介詞 to 並用）=reply=feedbackHas there been any response to your letter?
你的信有回音了嗎？In response to your letter dated July 1, we regret to say that we'll have to cancel the deal.
茲回覆臺端 7 月 1 日的來信，我們很遺憾表示，我們不得不取消這個交易。Jason's response to my proposal was discouraging.
傑森對我的提議反應很令人沮喪。The new policy caused a strong response among the public.
這項新政策激起了公眾強烈的反應。多益藍色英檢中級高中 Level 3●vi. & vt. （使）發展；（使）顯影；沖洗底片；培養The mistake was ignored and later developed into a major problem.
這錯誤被忽略，後來就演變成一個大問題。In this class, you can develop your writing skills.
在這門課裡，你可以提高寫作技巧。I have some film I would like to have developed today.
我今天有一些底片想要沖洗。Gary tried to develop good habits, such as exercising every day.
蓋瑞試著培養好習慣，例如每天運動。多益綠色英檢初級高中 Level 2●satisfied[ˋsætɪs͵faɪd]satisfy的動詞過去式、過去分詞●n. 報答，報償，回報；報酬vt. 報答，獎賞I gave Vincent a watch as a reward for his help.
我送文森一只手錶以回報他的幫忙。The young mom rewards her children with cookies when they do well in school.
孩子在學校表現良好時，這位年輕媽媽會給他們餅乾作為獎勵。Jack received a reward for finding the lost dog.
傑克因為找到那隻走失的狗而獲得報酬。多益藍色英檢中級高中 Level 4●n. 警戒a. 警戒的，警覺的vt. 提醒On Christmas Eve, the children were on the alert for any sign of Santa Claus.
在耶誕夜，孩子們隨時注意聖誕老人出現的蛛絲馬跡。Police officers are always alert to possible danger.
警察對可能發生的危險隨時保持警覺。We should alert everyone to the dangers of smoking.
我們應該提醒每個人警覺抽菸的危險。We should awaken everyone to the dangers of smoking.
我們應該提醒每個人警覺抽菸的危險。多益金色英檢中級高中 Level 4●●●vt. 明白； 探望；和……交往vt. & vi. 看，看見三態see / saw [sɔ] / seen [sin]I could see you from across the street.
我可以從對街看到你。It was so foggy that Greg could barely see.
天氣太霧了，所以葛瑞格看不太清楚。I could see what Debra meant.
我能明白黛珀拉的意思。Henry saw the doctor this morning.
亨利今早去看醫生。Katie has been seeing her boyfriend for two years.
凱蒂和她男朋友交往 2 年了。高中 Level 1Practical Phrases
●respond to回答 / 某事；應對⋯⋯；對某事做出反應I asked Katie a math question and she responded to it quickly.
我問凱蒂一個數學問題，她很快便回答我。The patient responded well to the new medicine.
病人對新藥的反應良好。The company responded to customer concerns by improving safety.
該公司透過提升安全性來應對顧客的疑慮。●a burst of...一陣突發的⋯⋯I heard a burst of crying from Haley's room.
我聽到海莉的房間突然傳來一陣哭聲。●from a / an... angle從⋯⋯角度來看From a public angle, this painting is quite beautiful.
從大眾的角度來看,這幅畫相當美麗。●see A as B將 A 視為 BJoe sees his brother as his best friend.
喬視他哥哥為最好的朋友。♦ wh- 疑問詞引導的名詞片語用法
本文第一段第二句:
You probably wanted to help but weren’t sure exactly what to do.
在本句中，sure 後面省略了介詞 about，what to do 則為 名詞片語，作介詞 about 的受詞。
疑問詞 what、which、whom、when、where、how 之 後接不定詞片語(to V)時，形成名詞片語，可作主詞、 受詞，或在 be 動詞後作主詞補語用。
句型:wh- 疑問詞 + to + 原形動詞
1. 作主詞:由於名詞片語視作單一的個體，因此作主詞時之後接單數動詞。
例：Where to go next weekend has not been decided yet.
下週末去哪裡尚未決定。2. 作及物動詞或介詞的受詞:
例：Jerry didn’t know what to buy for his girlfriend’s birthday.
傑瑞不知道該買什麼送女友當生日禮物。
例：Leo advised me on how to write an essay.
李歐針對如何寫論文給我建議。
3. 在 be 動詞後作主詞補語:
例：The main problem is when to start the program.
主要問題是什麼時候展開這項計畫。請依句意在空格內填入適當的字詞
❶ 我給了一些建議，但珍妮卻置之不理。I gave some advice, but Jenny __________ it.
❷ 麥克揮手，而我則以微笑回應。Mike waved and I ___________ with a smile.
❸ 莉莉和安娜的友誼發展得很緩慢。
Lily’s friendship with Anna ___________ slowly.
答案：1. ignored 2. responded 3. developed
當人類聽到嬰兒哭泣時他們都如何反應?
你有沒有曾經想過為什麼你無法忽視哭泣的嬰兒?你或許想幫 忙，但不確定到底該怎麼做。一項研究發現人類大腦對嬰兒哭聲有著 強烈的反應。即使我們不認識這個孩子也是如此。人類大腦發展成將 嬰兒哭聲認定為比成人哭聲還來得重要。
每一位成人都有這種自然的本能。哭泣的嬰兒會讓和情緒及獎賞 相關的大腦區域突然活躍起來。從生物學的角度來看，嬰兒哭聲是附 近可能有像野生動物等危險的一種警告。這種大腦突然活躍的反應是 人類保護幼兒的警報系統。
從社會性的角度來看，嬰兒哭聲鼓勵人們表現得充滿關愛並能幫 助他們和其他成人建立關係。藉由幫助一位在哭泣的小孩，人類能在 情感上獲得滿足並可能從他人那裡獲得稱讚。這顯示不論是否有親戚 關係，小孩的安全和幸福是大家基本的共同關注點。我們可以將大腦 對嬰兒哭聲的反應視為一個人類重要的生存機制。
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關鍵字： #數位·科技·科學
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