代名詞

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it 作虛主詞/虛受詞（賴世雄老師主講 /  解析文法 / 本篇無朗讀音檔）

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本文主講 賴世雄

1. it 作虛主詞

a. 代替不定詞片語

It is good to study. (= To study is good.)

讀書有益。

It is necessary to read these books. (= To read these books is necessary.)

讀這些書是有必要的。

b. 代替 that 子句（名詞子句）

It is good that he wants to study. (= That he wants to study is good.)

他想讀書，這是件好事。

2. it 作虛受詞：即 it 作不完全及物動詞之受詞，代替不定詞片語或 that 子句。

a. 動詞若加受詞後意思很完整，而無須補充說明時，為完全及物動詞。但若動詞加上受詞後意思仍不完整，而需要補充說明，則為不完全及物動詞，其補充語一定是名詞或形容詞（包括分詞變成的形容詞）。

以下是常用的不完全及物動詞：

think / consider / deem （認為 ⋯⋯ 是 ⋯⋯ ）

believe （相信 ⋯⋯ 是 ⋯⋯ ）

find （發現 ⋯⋯ 是 ⋯⋯ ）

I consider him. ( ╳ ，意思不完整，故需補充語 )

→ I consider him good. ( ○ )

→ I consider him a good man. ( ○ )

我認為他人很好／是個好人。

b. 不定詞片語或 that 子句有名詞的功能，可作主詞和受詞，但不能直接作不完全及物動詞的受詞，必須用 it 代替。

I think that he is good true. ( ╳ )

→ I think it true that he is good. ( ○ )

我認為他人不錯是事實。

I think to get up early good. ( ╳ )

→ I think it good to get up early. ( ○ )

我認為早起很好。

3. it 可用於強勢句構中，來強調主詞、受詞、介詞片語、時間副詞（片語）或副詞子句，句型如下：

It is / was + 名詞／代名詞 + that 引導的形容詞子句

It is / was + 介詞片語／時間副詞（片語）／副詞子句 + that 子句

Kathy told everyone your secret.

→ It was Kathy that ( 或 who) told everyone your secret.

把你的祕密告訴大家的是凱西。

His words made me angry.

→ It was his words that ( 或 which) made me angry.

使我生氣的是他的話。

It was in 2010 that I began to study English.

我是在 2010 年開始學英文的。

It was because he was lazy that he failed.

他是因為懶惰的關係而失敗的。

4. most / all / some / half / part / the rest / one-third / two-thirds / none + of + the / 所有格 + 不可數名詞 + 單數動詞 / 複數名詞 + 複數動詞

Most of the money was stolen. (money 不可數，故用 was)

大部分的錢都被偷了。

All of the students are here. (students 為複數名詞，故用 are)

所有學生都在這裡。

One-third of the students have taken the test.

有三分之一的學生參加了測驗。

5. 反身代名詞（ myself 、 ourselves 、 yourself 、 yourselves 、 himself 、 herself 、 itself 及 themselves ）的強勢用法：

He himself did it. ( 強調主詞 )

他親自做這件事。

＊反身代名詞不可單獨作主詞

I want to see the boss himself. ( 強調受詞 )

我要見老闆本人。

6. that （表單數）、 those （表複數）代替前面所提到的名詞，以避免重複。

The color of the door is more beautiful than that (= the color) of the window.

這扇門的顏色比那扇窗的好看。

The plants on the other side of the fence are greener than those (= the plants) in my garden.

在籬笆另一邊的花草比我花園裡的綠。

7. a / an / any / some / a few / this / these / that / those / which + 名詞 + of + 所有格代名詞（ mine / yours / his / theirs / Peter ’ s 等）

He is a friend of mine. ( 非 me)

他是我的一位朋友。

This friend of yours is good. ( 非 you)

你的這位朋友人很好。

注意

上述結構不可與定冠詞 the 並用，換言之，無下列用法：

He is the best friend of mine. ( ╳ )

→ He is my best friend. / He is one of my best friends. ( ○ )

他是我最好的朋友（之一）。

 

 精選試題 

1. _____ was after Mark talked to Julia that he knew the truth.
(A) This (B) That (C) It (D) He

---

2. Seventy percent of the water _____ contaminated.
(A) are (B) have (C) is (D) has

---

3. Lisa _____ made this box lunch for her daughter.
(A) itself (B) myself (C) yourself (D) herself

Ans：1. C　2. C 3. D

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