文意選填
Recently, veganism has been steadily gaining steam. This lifestyle choice __1__ the use of animal-based products, especially when it comes to one’s diet and clothing. However, animal products are used in such a wide range of __2__ that living as a true vegan can prove to be a difficult challenge for many people. Those who play the violin, for example, have traditionally had no __3__ but to use instruments that rely heavily on glues made from the skin, bones, and tendons of animals to hold them together. Fortunately for these vegan musicians, however, this is no longer the case.
Padraig O’Dubhlaoidh, an Irish violin maker, recently made the first violin to be __4__ with The Vegan Society’s Vegan Trademark. He created the NT$300,000 instrument at his workshop in the Malvern Hills district of England during the coronavirus lockdown. According to O’Dubhlaoidh, a customer had __5__ him about making a vegan instrument a number of years ago. The craftsman had long thought that animal products were not necessary to build a violin. Moreover, he was troubled by the thought of the __6__ dilemma that some vegan musicians faced when they were forced to play instruments that were not vegan-friendly. Therefore, he set about making a violin that was free from materials such as horsehair, hooves, horns, or bones, animal products that have historically been used in the __7__ of violins.
O’Dubhlaoidh’s vegan-friendly violin uses glue made from wild berries and spring water rather than traditional materials that are __8__ from animals. He even claims that the acoustic properties of his vegan violin are better than __9__ models. This is mainly because the glue he uses causes less tension on the wooden __10__ of the instrument. He’s certain that eco-friendly instruments like the one he has created will become more common in the coming years.
答案: 1. D 2. G 3. I 4. J 5. H 6. B 7. C 8. E 9. A 10. F
After a week, the fundraising project began to gain steam.
一週後,籌款活動開始變得熱絡起來。
This suit shop has a wide range of quality tuxedos to choose from.
這家西裝店有各式各樣的高級晚宴服以供選擇。
I know he is a man I can always rely on.
我知道他是一個可信賴的人。
Jenny used glue to hold these two pieces of paper together.
珍妮用膠水把這兩張紙黏起來。
Ray set about cleaning up the house after the party.
派對後,小雷著手清理房子。
1. This lifestyle choice excludes the use of animal- based products, especially when it comes to one’s diet and clothing.
理由
a. 空格前有名詞詞組 This lifestyle choice(這種生 活方式的選擇),而空格後亦有名詞詞組 the use of animal-based products(使用以動物為主要成 分的製品),且根據本句時態,可知空格應置入第 三人稱單數現在式及物動詞。
b. 選項中僅有 (D) excludes 符合條件,置入後表素 食主義這種生活方式的選擇「排除」使用以動物為 主要成分的製品,在飲食和衣服方面尤其如此,故 選之。
2. However, animal products are used in such a wide range of goods that living as a true vegan can prove to be a difficult challenge for many people.
理由
a. 空格前有介詞 of,故知空格應置入名詞。
b. 選項中有 (B) moral、(C) production、(F) components、(G) goods 及 (I) option 符合條 件,根據語意,動物製品被用於如此廣泛的「商品」中,以至於要作為真正的嚴守素食主義者生活 著對許多人來說可能是一項艱鉅的挑戰,可知答案應選 (G)。
3. Those who play the violin, for example, have traditionally had no option but to use instruments that rely heavily on glues made from...
理由
a. 空格前有數量詞 no,故知空格應置入名詞或動名詞。
b. 選項中尚有 (B) moral、(C) production、(F) components 及 (I) option 符合條件,根據語意, 傳統上那些拉小提琴的人別無「選擇」,他們只能 使用重度依賴動物皮膚、骨骼和肌腱製成的膠水將 它們固定在一起的樂器,可知答案應選 (I),置入 後亦符合 “have no option but to V” 的用法。
4. Padraig O’Dubhlaoidh, an Irish violin maker, recently made the first violin to be registered with The Vegan Society’s Vegan Trademark.
理由
a. 空格前有原形 be 動詞,而空格後有介詞 with,故 知空格應置入形容詞、分詞或名詞。
b. 剩餘選項皆符合條件,根據語意,愛爾蘭小提琴 工匠保利.奧杜力最近製造了第一把在素食協會 「註冊」純素商標的小提琴,可知答案應選(J) registered。
5. According to O’Dubhlaoidh, a customer had approached him about making a vegan instrument a number of years ago.
理由
a. 空格前有表過去完成式的助動詞 had,而空格後有 代名詞 him,故知空格應置入及物動詞的過去分詞 形。
b. 選項中尚有 (E) sourced 及 (H) approached 符合條件,根據語意,據奧杜力的說法,幾年前,一位 客戶曾「來找」他,「要」他製作純素樂器,可知 答案應選 (H)。
6. Moreover, he was troubled by the thought of the moral dilemma that some vegan musicians faced when they were forced to play instruments that were not vegan-friendly.
理由
a. 空格前有定冠詞 the,而空格後有名詞 dilemma (兩難),故知空格應置入形容詞以修飾 dilemma。
b. 選項中尚有 (A) conventional 及 (B) moral 符合 條件,根據語意,奧杜力對一些純素音樂家面臨的 「道德」困境感到不安,因為他們不得不演奏對嚴 守素食主義者不友善的樂器,可知答案應選 (B)。
7. Therefore, he set about making a violin that was free from materials such as horsehair, hooves, horns, or bones, animal products that have historically been used in the production of violins.
理由
a. 空格前有定冠詞 the,而空格後有介詞 of,故知空 格應置入名詞。
b. 選項中尚有 (C) production 及 (F) components 符合條件,根據語意,奧杜力著手製作一種沒有使 用馬毛、蹄、角或骨頭等原料的小提琴,這些動物 製品是過去用來「製作」小提琴的原料,可知答案 應選 (C)。
8. O’Dubhlaoidh’s vegan-friendly violin uses glue made from wild berries and spring water rather than traditional materials that are sourced from animals.
理由
a. 空格前有 be 動詞 are,而空格後有介詞 from,故知空格應置入形容詞、分詞或名詞。
b. 剩餘選項皆符合條件,根據語意,奧杜力為嚴守素 食主義者製作的小提琴使用了由野生漿果和泉水製 成的膠水,而非使用「取材於」動物的傳統原料, 可知答案應選 (E) sourced。
9. He even claims that the acoustic properties of his vegan violin are better than conventional models.
理由
a. 空格前有介詞 than,而空格後有名詞 models(型 號),故知空格應置入形容詞以修飾 models。
b. 選項中僅剩 (A) conventional 符合條件,置入後 表奧杜力聲稱他的純素小提琴聲音特性比「傳統 的」型號更好,故選之。
10. This is mainly because the glue he uses causes less tension on the wooden components of the instrument.
理由
a. 空格前有形容詞wooden(木製的) ,而空格有介詞 of,故知空格應置入名詞以被 wooden 修 飾。
b. 選項中僅剩 (F) components 符合條件,置入後表奧杜力的純素小提琴聲音特性比傳統的型號更好主 要是因為他使用的膠水對樂器木頭的「部分」造成 的拉力較小,故選之。
不使用動物製品!全球第一把純素小提琴
近來,素食主義一直穩定地越來越受歡迎。這種生活方式的選擇排除使用以動物為主要成分的製品,在飲食和衣服方面尤其如此。然而,動物製品被用於如此廣泛的商品中, 以至於要作為真正的嚴守素食主義者生活著對許多人來說可能是一項艱鉅的挑戰。舉例來說,傳統上那些拉小提琴的人 別無選擇,他們只能使用重度依賴動物皮膚、骨骼和肌腱製成的膠水將它們固定在一起的樂器。然而幸運的是,對於這些純素音樂家來說,情況已不再如此。
愛爾蘭小提琴工匠保利.奧杜力最近製造了第一把在素食協會註冊純素商標的小提琴。在冠狀病毒流行期間處於封城狀態時,他在英格蘭莫爾文希爾斯區的工作室創造了這 把價值新臺幣三十萬的樂器。據奧杜力的說法,幾年前,一 位客戶曾來找他,要他製作純素樂器。這位工匠一直認為動 物製品不是製造小提琴所必需的。此外,他對一些純素音樂家面臨的道德困境感到不安,因為他們不得不演奏對嚴守素食主義者不友善的樂器。因此,他著手製作一種沒有使用馬毛、蹄、角或骨頭等原料的小提琴,這些動物製品是過去用來製作小提琴的原料。
奧杜力為嚴守素食主義者製作的小提琴使用了由野生漿果和泉水製成的膠水,而非使用取材於動物的傳統原料。他甚至聲稱他的純素小提琴聲音特性比傳統的型號更好。這主要是因為他使用的膠水對樂器木頭的部分造成的拉力較小。 他確信,像他創造的這種環保樂器將在未來幾年變得更加普遍。