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✶ 防曬乳： 抗曬的第一道防線 Sunscreen: Your First Line of Defense against the Sun
Sunscreen: Your First Line of Defense against the Sun
#素養 #健康
難度 收藏文章
當你在選擇合適的防曬乳時，考慮一下你將要進行的活動會很有用。
>> 氣泡水的必要成分：水、氣泡，還有美好的味道All That Pops Is Not Soda
目錄 /科普園地
Sunny days may seem like the perfect weather to have fun outside. Many people enjoy cycling in the park, hiking in the mountains, and swimming at the beach. However, there is something one should always do before heading outdoors to enjoy these activities—put on sunscreen.
Sunscreen is composed of particles that physically bounce radiation off the skin and react with ultraviolet (UV) rays, absorbing the rays and giving off the energy as heat. While there are no sunscreens that can give you 100% protection from the sun, they can greatly reduce the effects of sun damage.
>> 救命啊！換季過敏太痛苦啦！ My Allergies Are Out of Control!
Labeled on every bottle of sunscreen is its sun protection factor, or SPF. This number measures the protectiveness of the sunscreen against UV radiation. For example, a sunscreen that offers an SPF of 30 will block around 97% of the UV rays. Comparatively, a sunscreen containing an SPF of 50 will shield against 98% of the UV rays. Selecting a sunscreen with an adequate SPF is important for effective protection; otherwise, too many of the sun’s harmful rays will penetrate the sunscreen.
When you choose the right sunscreen, it’s useful to think about the activities you will be doing.Sunscreen is only effective for a certain amount of time. Sweating and doing things like swimming will decrease the duration of its effectiveness. Therefore, it is wise to apply waterproof or water-resistant sunscreen to your skin. It is also important to note that there are two types of UV radiation: ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) rays. Both of these rays can cause sunburn and skin cancer; however, most sunscreens only provide protection from UVB rays. So, when purchasing sunscreen, try looking for kinds that help protect your skin against both UVB and UVA.
- Which of the following statements is true?
(A) Most sunscreens protect against UVA rays.
(B) Sunscreen can block the sun’s rays completely.
(C) All sunscreens are good for swimming and sweating.
(D) SPF is a measure of how well a sunscreen can protect skin against some rays.
- Amy and three of her friends went to the drugstore to buy sunscreen. Which of their interpretations of what they saw on the sunscreen bottles is correct?
(A) Friend 1, “Most types of sunscreen only provide protection from UVB but not UVA rays.”
(B) Friend 2, “The number on the bottle means that the effectiveness of it can last 50 hours.”
(C) Friend 3, “The sunscreen that offers an SPF of 50 can protect us from only 50% of the UV rays.”
(D) Amy, “It’s waterproof! We just have to apply it only once before going playing in the sea.”
- According to the passage, what are the effects of too much UV radiation?
(A) Skin recovery and skin cancer.
(B) Sunburn and extreme thirst.
(C) Skin cancer and sunburn.
(D) Sweating and sunburn.
答案： 1. D 2. A 3. C
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●●vi. 彈跳；（支票）跳票n. 彈，跳（可數）；彈性（不可數）When Kelly heard the news, she was so excited that she bounced up and down on the sofa.
凱莉聽到這個消息時，興奮地在沙發上跳上跳下。If the check bounces, the bank will charge you a fine.
如果支票跳票，銀行就會對你罰款。Ian gave the ball a bounce and then hit it with his racket.
伊恩讓球一彈，接著用球拍擊球。
The beach ball has lost its bounce.
這顆海灘球失去彈性了。多益綠色英檢中級高中 Level 4●vt. 吸收；理解Sponges are used to absorb liquids.
海綿可用來吸收液體。I couldn’t absorb everything I read.
所有讀過的東西我並非都能理解。I was so absorbed in my work that I didn’t hear you calling me.
我太投入工作，因此沒聽到你在叫我。
I was so buried in my work that I didn’t hear you calling me.
我太投入工作，因此沒聽到你在叫我。多益藍色英檢中級高中 Level 4●●●●●●●●●vt. & n. 購買；購物=purchase sth=make a purchase of sth=buy sthI purchased some face masks and hand sanitizer at the store.
我在店裡買了些口罩和乾洗手。I made a purchase of some face masks and hand sanitizer at the store.
我在店裡買了些口罩和乾洗手。I bought some face masks and hand sanitizer at the store.
我在店裡買了些口罩和乾洗手。You need proof of purchase to claim a refund.
你需要購買證明才能要求退款。多益藍色英檢初級高中 Level 5●●sunscreen[ˋsʌn͵skrin]n. 防晒油，防晒乳●●●ultraviolet[͵ʌltrəˋvaɪəlɪt]a. & n. 紫外線（的）英檢中高●protectiveness[prəˋtɛktɪvnɪs]n. 保護英檢中級高中 Level 2●●sunburn[ˋsʌn͵bɝn]n. 曬傷●●●vi. 申請；適用vt. 運用；塗抹三態apply / applied [əˋplaɪd] / applied [əˋplaɪd]=applicationElmer is applying for admission to that university.
艾爾馬正在申請那間大學的入學許可。The first half of the questionnaire applies only to graduate students.
這份問卷的前半部只適用於研究生。Students will learn how to apply this theory to real-life situations.
學生將學習如何將這理論應用於實際生活情境中。Apply this cream to your wound three times a day.
每天將這藥膏塗在傷口上 3 次。Jack applied paint to the wall with a brush.
傑克用刷子把油漆塗在牆上。多益綠色英檢初級高中 Level 2●vt. & vi. 保護，防禦=defendWhile riding a scooter, you should wear a helmet because it’ll protect your head.
你騎機車時應該要戴安全帽，因為安全帽可以保護頭部。Albert tried to protect his family from the gangsters.
亞伯特試著保護家人免受歹徒的傷害。Parents are responsible for protecting their children from getting hurt.
父母要負責保護孩子免受傷害。高中 Level 2●n. 度量單位；衡量標準；措施，方法vt. 測量；衡 / 估量；尺寸（或數量等）為……Help me measure the length of this table.
幫我量桌子的長度。We can't measure a writer's success in terms of book sales.
我們不能以書籍銷售數字來衡量一個作家的成就。This room measures 30 square meters.
這個房間的大小為 30 平方公尺。Without hard work, you can't measure up to your parents' expectations.
你若不努力就不能達到你父母的期望。A yard is a measure of length.
碼是一種長度的度量單位。Age is not an accurate measure of maturity.
年齡並非衡量成熟度的精確標準。The government should take better measures to fight crime.
政府應該採取更好的措施來打擊犯罪。多益藍色英檢初級高中 Level 2Practical Phrases
●be composed of由……組成= consist of...= be made up of...The band is composed of amateur musicians.
該樂團是由業餘樂手組成的。●react with...與⋯⋯產生(化學)反應Oxygen reacts with hydrogen to produce two compounds: water and hydrogen peroxide.
氧氣和氫氣反應後會產生兩種化合物：水及過氧化氫。●give off...放射／散發⋯⋯（氣體、氣味等）The sun gives off light and heat.
太陽會散發光與熱。●apply A to B把 A 運用到 B；把 A 塗抹在 B 上Students will learn how to apply this theory to real-life situations.
學生將學習如何將這理論應用於實際生活情境中。Apply this cream to your wound three times a day.
每天將這藥膏塗在傷口上 3 次。●protect A against B保護 A 以對抗 BThis lotion will protect your skin against ultraviolet rays.
這種乳液會保護你的肌膚對抗紫外線。shield [ ˋʃild ] vi & vt. 防護，遮蔽
• The ozone layer shields the Earth from the sun’s ultraviolet rays.
臭氧層保護地球免受太陽的紫外線所害。
以下介紹有表「保護」意味的單字:a. protect [ prəˋtɛkt ] vt. 保護，防護
• This thick sweater will protect you from the cold.
這件厚毛衣可以讓你禦寒。
b. guard [ gɑrd ] vt. 保衛，守衛
• The secret service agents guarded the president closely as he shook hands with voters.
那些特勤人員在該總統和選民握手時，嚴密保護他的安全。
c. safeguard [ ˋsef͵gɑrd ] vt. 保護，保障;防衛
• This agreement will safeguard the consumers from being exploited.
這項協定將保障消費者免遭剝削。
d. preserve [ prɪˋzɝv ] vt. 保護，保存(強調東西保持原樣)
• The scientists have been trying their best to preserve the natural habitat of the panda bear.
科學家們一直在盡全力保護貓熊的自然棲息地。
e. harbor [ ˋhɑrbɚ ] vt. 包庇，窩藏
• The man was accused of harboring a murderer for several days.
該男子被指控窩藏殺人犯好幾天。
防晒乳 : 抗晒的第一道防線
陽光明媚的日子似乎是在戶外玩樂的完美天氣。許多人喜歡在公園騎自行車、在山上健行、在海邊游泳。但在前往戶外享受這些活動之前應該都要做某件事 ─ 塗防晒乳。
防晒乳由粒子組成，這些粒子以物理方式從皮膚反射輻射並與紫外線發生反應，吸收光線並以熱量的形式釋放能量。雖然沒有防晒乳能給你百分之百的防晒保護，但它們可以大大減少皮膚損傷的影響。
每瓶防晒乳上都標有其防晒係數(SPF)。這個數字計量出防晒乳對紫外線輻射的防護力。例如，防晒係數為 30 的防晒乳可以阻擋大約 97% 的紫外線。相比之下，防晒係數 50 的防晒乳可以隔絕 98% 的紫外線。選擇具有足夠防晒係數的防晒乳對於有效保護很重要;否則過多的太陽有害射線會穿透防晒乳。
當你在選擇合適的防晒乳時，考慮一下你將要進行的活動會很有用。防晒乳只在一段時間內有效。出汗與進行游泳等活動會縮短其有效時間。因此，明智的做法是在皮膚上塗抹防水或抗水的防晒乳。有一點很重要、務必留意的是， 有兩種類型的紫外線輻射:紫外線 A(UVA)和紫外線 B (UVB)射線。這兩種射線都會導致晒傷和皮膚癌;然而， 大多數防晒乳僅提供對 UVB 射線的保護。因此，在購買防晒乳時，試著尋找有助於保護你的皮膚同時抵禦 UVB 和 UVA 的那種防晒乳吧。
1. 下列哪項敘述是正確的?
(A) 大多數防晒乳可以防止 UVA 射線。
(B) 防晒乳可以完全阻擋太陽光線。
(C) 所有的防晒乳都適合游泳和流汗的時候用。
(D) 防晒係數是防晒乳能多有效地保護皮膚免受某種射線傷害的指標。
2. 艾咪和她的三個朋友一起去藥妝店買防晒乳。他們 對防晒乳瓶子上看到的東西所做的解讀哪一項是正確的?
(A) 朋友 1:「大多數種類的防晒乳僅提供對 UVB 射線而非 UVA 射線的防護。」
(B) 朋友 2:「瓶子上的數字表示它的有效性可以持續五十個小時。」
(C) 朋友 3:「防晒係數為 50 的防晒乳只能保護我們免受 50% 的紫外線傷害。」
(D) 艾咪:「它是防水的!我們只要去海裡玩之前塗一次就好。」
3. 根據本文，紫外線照射過多有什麼影響?
(A) 皮膚修復和皮膚癌。
(B) 晒傷和極度口渴。
(C) 皮膚癌和晒傷。
(D) 出汗和晒傷。
本篇內容出自《常春藤解析/生活英語雜誌》，
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