《英語輕鬆學》學好中級口語 #Lesson 56：Stereotypes 刻板印象

延伸閱讀 >> 連結人心的機器人咖啡廳 A Robot Café That Connects Hearts

 中級口語 

搭配筆記聆聽短文 Listen to the text with the help of the notes given

 

再次聆聽並回答問題 Listen again and answer the questions below

Questions for discussion:

1. What are stereotypes?

2. According to the speaker, why might stereotypes be dangerous?

3. According to the speaker, what is usually people’s stereotype of an immigrant?

 

短文聽讀 Text 

                Stereotypes are widely held ideas about a particular type of person or thing. For example, if you see a car accident involving a male driver and a female driver, you might think the woman must have caused the accident because women are supposedly “bad drivers.” Or, if you see someone working in a manual job, you might think that they cannot have had a good education.

                   Stereotypes can be harmless, but they can also be dangerous and rooted in ignorance of a culture or race. They are usually oversimplified and often incorrect. Some people use stereotypes―rather than facts―to justify their opinions. For example, if a crime was committed in a small town, some people might presume that the newly arrived immigrant must have done it. This is because the stereotype of an immigrant is often linked to crime. We must all unite to fight against and challenge stereotypes.

                    刻板印象意指對特定類型的人或事持廣泛的想法。舉例來說，如果你看到一起涉及男、女駕駛的車禍，你可能會認為一定是女子造成這起事故，因為一般都覺得女性是｢差勁的駕駛｣。又或者，假如你看到某人做勞力的工作，你可能會想他們不可能受過良好的教育。

                    刻板印象可能無傷大雅，但也可能相當危險，而且可能會從對文化、種族的無知中衍生出來。這些成見通常過於簡單化且大部分是不正確的。有些人會以刻板印象 ⸺ 而非事實 ⸺ 來合理化他們的想法。例如，假設在一個小鎮發生一起犯罪案，有些人可能會假定是新外來移民者的作為。這是因為對移民者的刻板印象常與犯罪聯想在一起。我們一定要團結起來對抗與質疑刻板印象。

 

單字片語 Vocabulary and Phrases

 1  stereotype 　 n. 刻板印象，成見
     conform to the stereotype 符合刻板印象
 =  fit the stereotype

 2  particular 　  a. 特定的

 3  supposedly      adv. 一般認為，一般相信；據稱

 4  manual　 　a. 勞力的；手工的；手動的
     manual labor / jobs 勞力工作

 5  education　 　n. 教育

 6  harmless       a. 無害的；無惡意的

 7  be rooted in...　 　根源於……
     The city’s traffic problems are rooted in poor planning.
     該市的交通問題源自於規畫不當。

 8  ignorance　 　n. 無知；愚昧（不可數）

 9  oversimplify　 　vt. 使……過於簡單化
     （三態為：oversimplify, oversimplified, oversimplified）

 10  justify　 　vt. 使合理化；證明……為正當
     （三態為：justify, justified, justified）
     Justin couldn’t justify making everyone wait just for him.
     賈斯汀無法提出讓大家乾等他一人的合理解釋。

 11  presume　 　vt. 推測，猜想
     I presume (that) you are tired after working so long and hard.
     辛苦工作這麼久以後，我想你是累了。

 12  be linked to...　 　與……有關聯
 =  be linked with...
     A diet high in sugar and starch is linked to many major diseases.
     糖分與澱粉過多的飲食與許多重大疾病有關。

 13  unite　 　vi. & vt. （使） 聯合

 

延伸閱讀 >> 來一杯完美的果昔吧！The Perfect Fruit Smoothie