



1. 表未來狀況,條件句(即 when、if、unless、once、as soon as、until、after 等引導的副詞子句)使用現在式,主要子句則使用未來式(即 will + 原形動詞)。為方便記憶起見,讀者可牢記下列幾個字:
條現主未(條件句用現在式,主要子句用未來式)
例: When I will be free, I will help you with your report. (×)
When I am(現在式) free, I will help(未來式) you with your report. (○)
(我有空時會幫你寫報告。)If I will have time, I will call you. (×)
→ If I have(現在式) time, I will call(未來式) you. (○)
(我若有空就會打電話給你。)I won't help you unless you will take my advice. (×)
→ I won't help(未來式) you unless you take(現在式) my advice. (○)
(除非你接受我的建議,否則我不會幫助你。)
2. since 表『自從』的用法
since 可做副詞連接詞、介詞、或副詞,不論屬何種詞性,所修飾的動詞均使用現在完成式或現在完成進行式
a. 副詞連接詞(引導過去式子句)
例: Peter has studied English (ever) since he attended junior high school.
(自唸國中起,彼得就一直學英文。)b. 介詞(以時間名詞或動名詞作受詞)
例:
| Peter has been studying English | (ever) since 2000. (ever) since ten years ago. (ever) since attending junior high school. |
(自二○○○年起/十年前/唸國中起,彼得就一直在學英文。)
c. 副詞:只用於下列句型
主詞 + 過去式動詞 + 過去時間 + and have / has since + 過去分詞
⋯⋯之後就一直⋯⋯例: John moved here two years ago and has since lived here.
(約翰兩年前搬到這裡,之後就一直住在這裡。)
All employees are required to attend the meeting.
全體員工一律得去參加該會議。
Brenda invited Jim to her wedding, but he was unable to attend.
布蘭達邀請吉姆來參加她的婚禮,但吉姆無法參加。
George is the first person to attend college in his family.
喬治是他家第一個上大學的人。
Brian hired a caretaker to attend to his father on a 24-hour basis.
布萊恩僱用看護來 24 小時全天候照顧他爸爸。
