



111年升大學學測英文試題
五、閱讀測驗(占 24 分)說明︰ 第 35 題至第 46 題,每題 2 分。
第 43 至 46 題為題組
Zebrafish, named for their characteristic stripes, have been a popular test subject for researchers. Only a few centimeters in length, the fish breed easily in captivity, grow quickly, and their transparent body makes it easy to study their organs. Above all, they possess some amazing "self-healing" power. When part of their heart is removed, they can grow it back in a matter of weeks. When blinded, they can quickly regain the ability to see.
Recent studies show that humans and zebrafish have the same major organs and share 70 percent of the genes. Moreover, 84 percent of human genes associated with disease find a counterpart in zebrafish. Scientists thus hope that understanding the self-healing mystery of the fish may one day allow humans to regenerate such organs as eyes, hearts, and spines.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University are particularly interested in zebrafish retina regeneration. They have learned that damage of retina can cause blindness in zebrafish, yet it only takes about three to four weeks before vision is restored. The structure and cell types of zebrafish retinas are almost identical to those of humans. If the process can be replicated in humans, it may give rise to new treatments for blindness caused by retinal damage.
In order to know exactly how zebrafish retina is regenerated, the team looked at the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a chemical messenger in the brain that reduces the activity of neurons. They found that lowering GABA levels in zebrafish can trigger retina regeneration, while a high level of GABA concentration will suppress the regeneration process. This suggested that GABA plays an important role in the fish's ability to regain their sight.
The team is beginning to test the GABA theory on mice. If that works, human trials will be next on the agenda. If the research proves successful in humans, some of the nearly 40 million blind people worldwide may one day have a tiny, striped fish to thank.
43. What can we learn about zebrafish from the passage?
(A) How they should be studied in labs.
(B) Where they derive their regenerative ability.
(C) Why they share humans' genetic code.
(D) What they may offer in medical advancements.
44. Which of the following statements is true regarding GABA in zebrafish?
(A) Increasing GABA level facilitates neuron activities.
(B) There is a high level of GABA in the brain of zebrafish.
(C) Lowering GABA levels in the brain can stimulate retina regrowth.
(D) GABA contains chemical elements that trigger the growth of neurons.
45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "replicated" in the third paragraph?
(A) Reproduced.
(B) Reassembled.
(C) Recycled.
(D) Restored.
46. According to the passage, which of the following is an opinion, but NOT a fact?
(A) Humans and zebrafish have 70 percent of genes in common.
(B) Zebrafish can quickly recover vision after damage to the retina.
(C) Scientists are testing if the GABA theory works on mice as it does on zebrafish.
(D) Understanding regeneration in zebrafish may allow humans to regrow their organs.
題組翻譯及選項解析如下:
Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.
基因決定了每樣生物的種種特徵。
This usage is characteristic of American English.
這種用法是美式英語的特徵。
This kind of hot and spicy food is very characteristic of the food in the country.
這種辛辣食物是該國非常典型的食物。
The man was arrested for possessing drugs when he arrived in the country.
這名男子抵達該國時,因持有毒品而被捕。
Peter’s father is possessed of a good sense of humor.
彼得的父親很有幽默感。
Peter’s father possesses a good sense of humor.
彼得的父親很有幽默感。
The boy seemed to be possessed by evil spirits.
這男孩似乎被邪靈附身了。
Acid rain is a result of air pollution.
酸雨是空氣汙染造成的。
When Mira criticized their work, you could feel the acid tone in her words.
米拉批評他們的工作時,你可以感覺出她話中那股酸溜溜的語氣。
If we mix these two chemicals together, they will form an acid.
如果我們把這兩種化學物混合在一起,他們會形成酸。
The dust in the air triggered David's allergy.
空氣中的灰塵引發大衛過敏。
The policeman negotiating with the gunman asked him to remove his finger from the trigger.
警察和持槍者談判,要求他把手指從板機上移開。
Fireworks displays and thunder are common triggers for anxiety among combat veterans.
煙火和雷聲是引起老兵們焦慮的常見因素。
A beautiful woman walked by and disturbed Joe's concentration.
一位美女走過,使喬分心。
The researchers did a study on population concentration.
這些研究人員作了一項有關人口集中的研究。
Six million Jews died in Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
二次大戰期間,有 6 百萬猶太人死於納粹集中營。
The concentration of sugar in the solution determines its sweetness.
溶液中糖的濃度決定了其甜度。
The noise outside made it hard for me to keep my concentration.
外面的噪音讓我難以保持專注。
Since coffee stimulates him, Jason always has a cup of it in the morning.
由於咖啡讓傑森提神,他早上總會來一杯咖啡。
Congress is considering tax cuts in order to stimulate investment.
國會正在考慮減稅方案以促進投資。
Good teachers should ask questions that stimulate students to think.
稱職的老師應該要問能夠激勵學生去思考的問題。
Lung cancer is mostly associated with smoking.
肺癌大多與吸菸有關。
The mayor’s speech gave rise to a heated discussion.
市長的演說引發熱烈的討論。
I have my wife to thank for my successful career.
我要謝謝我的太太使我事業有成。
