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「非洲豬瘟」英文怎麼說?掌握 3 個防疫必學關鍵字:outbreak, rule out, disinfect

Kitchen waste likely cause of ASF outbreak
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#環境·衛生 #時事 #健康 #永續發展 SDGs
Taipei Times
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「非洲豬瘟」英文怎麼說?掌握 3 個防疫必學關鍵字:outbreak, rule out, disinfect
台中某養豬場近日爆發非洲豬瘟(ASF)疫情,調查顯示,病毒來源可能是「蒸不熟的廚餘」。這則新聞不僅關係到農業防疫,更是學習新聞英語的絕佳素材!
延伸閱讀 >> (開放試讀)高市早苗「台灣有事」新聞:12 個關鍵單字讀懂時事英文

  cool本篇文章將帶你閱讀這起事件的英文報導,並學會三個實用關鍵字:outbreak(爆發)、rule out(排除)、disinfect(消毒)。

Tue, Nov 04, 2025 page3

Kitchen waste likely cause of ASF outbreak
By Yang Yuan-ting, Chen Chien-chih and Esme Yeh / Staff reporters, with staff writer and CNA


The source of an African swine fever (ASF) outbreak at a hog farm in Taichung was likely incompletely steamed kitchen waste, the ASF central response unit said yesterday.

英文小提示

 1  outbreak (n.) (疾病、戰爭等)爆發
*常用於疾病、戰爭或暴力事件:如 disease outbreak, COVID-19 outbreak。動詞用 break out。

  • The outbreak of ASF caused panic among pig farmers.
    (豬瘟的爆發引起養豬戶恐慌。)

 2  incompletely steamed 蒸煮不完全的
*表示加熱不充分。Steam 可作動詞或名詞。

  • Incompletely steamed leftovers may still contain viruses.
    (蒸煮不完全的剩菜可能仍含病毒。)

 3  kitchen waste (n.) 廚餘、食物殘渣
*指廚房剩菜、剩飯等食物殘渣。英式英語中也可說 food waste。不可數名詞。

  • The farm used kitchen waste instead of regular feed.
    (該農場以廚餘代替一般飼料餵豬。)
  • Improper disposal of kitchen waste can cause serious pollution.
    (不當處理廚餘會造成嚴重污染。)

Deputy Minister of Agriculture Tu Wen-jane (杜文珍) said the inference was based on the significantly higher 39.3 percent death rate of pigs that ate leftovers as feed compared with those that ate regular feed (2.5 percent).

Samples from another hog farm, which acquired kitchen waste from the same place as the ASF-positive farm, but had properly steamed the leftovers and uploaded that data as scheduled, tested negative for ASF multiple times, she said.

英文小提示

 4  death rate (n.) 死亡率
*也可說 mortality rate。常與 increase / decrease 連用。

  • The death rate among pigs fed with leftovers was much higher.
    (吃剩菜的豬死亡率高得多。)

 5  leftovers (n.) 剩菜剩飯
*通常用複數形式,指吃剩的食物。

  • Don’t throw it away! These leftovers still taste good.
    (別丟啊!這些剩菜還很好吃。)

 6  properly (adv.) 適當地、正確地

  • Food waste must be properly heated to kill viruses.
    (廚餘必須適當加熱才能殺死病毒。)

 7  sample tested negative 檢測呈陰性
*test positive/negative for + 疾病 為固定用法。

  • The samples tested negative for ASF after several rounds of testing.
    (樣本經多次檢測皆呈 ASF 陰性。)

 

From left, Deputy Minister of Agriculture Tu Wen-jane, Minister Without Portfolio Chen Shih-chung and Minister of Agriculture Chen Junne-jih speak at a news conference in Taipei yesterday.
Photo: Lo Pei-de, Taipei Times

 

The ASF-affected farm had not uploaded data on kitchen waste processing after July and had not bought more fuel for steaming after getting two 20-liter tanks of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in April, Tu said, adding that personnel found the two tanks at the farm when disinfection was conducted last week.

The possibility that the virus was carried by people, pigs or vehicles has been ruled out, she said.

National Taiwan University veterinary medicine professor Tsai Hsiang-jung (蔡向榮) said that investigating the farm’s operations was difficult, as the farm’s management records had reportedly been “damaged” in September.

The investigators initially did not know that the farm owner only bought fuel for steaming leftovers once this year until they called the LPG supplier, he said, adding that the owner bought fuel three times last year.

Although the owner said that farm staff used wood as fuel, he could not show any evidence, Tsai said.

Even if the owner steamed the leftovers using wood as fuel, the temperatures might not have remained above 90°C for at least an hour, which is needed to exterminate viruses, he added.

英文小提示

 8  fuel (n.) 燃料
*常用於「害蟲、病毒」等。

  • The farm didn’t buy new fuel for months.
    (農場好幾個月沒再購買燃料。

 9  liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 液化石油氣(瓦斯)
*常見於能源或燃料報導中。縮寫需大寫。

  • The farm ran out of LPG and stopped cooking waste.
    (農場瓦斯用完後就停止煮廚餘。)

 10  personnel (n.) 人員、職員(集合名詞)

  • Disinfection was conducted by local personnel.
    (當地人員負責執行消毒。)

 11  rule out (v.) 排除(某種可能性)
*常用於調查、醫學、新聞報導中。

  • Investigators ruled out human transmission.
    (調查人員排除了人為傳播的可能。)

 12  veterinary medicine 獸醫學
*常用於「害蟲、病毒」等。

  • A professor of veterinary medicine joined the investigation.
    (一位獸醫學教授參與了調查。

 13  exterminate (v.) 消滅、根除
*常用於「害蟲、病毒」等。

  • High heat is required to exterminate the virus.
    (需要高溫才能徹底消滅病毒。

 

In related developments, personnel from the Taichung Animal Protection Office on Sunday disinfected the ASF-positive farm, without notifying the ASF central unit, leaving the farm too wet to collect valid samples.

Veterinary Research Institute Director-General Deng Ming-chung (鄧明中) yesterday said that the farm remained wet as of 10am.

Whether the wetness was caused by the office’s disinfection remains uncertain, he said, adding that sampling would not be conducted until the conditions at the site meets ASF testing guidelines.

The city government on Sunday said it did not order the office to conduct the disinfection.

A worker hired by the office, surnamed Cheng (鄭), said they misunderstood their supervisor’s order and entered the farm to conduct the disinfection, it said.

A source speaking on condition of anonymity yesterday said that Cheng is a temporary worker hired by the office to execute tasks under the ASF response scheme.

Cheng receives daily wages, which were fully covered by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Agency, they said.

英文小提示

 14  disinfect (v.) 消毒;disinfection (n.) 消毒行動

  •  Workers disinfected the infected farm last week.
    (工作人員上週對受感染的農場進行消毒。)

 15  valid sample (n.) 有效樣本

  • The wet soil prevented them from collecting valid samples.
    (土壤過於潮濕,導致無法採集有效樣本。)

 16  temporary worker (n.) 臨時工

  • The office hired temporary workers for disinfection tasks.
    (該辦公室僱用臨時工負責消毒工作。)

 

文章中文翻譯

台中豬場非洲豬瘟疫情 疑因廚餘未完全蒸煮所致

台中市一處養豬場爆發非洲豬瘟(ASF),中央防疫應變中心昨(4)日表示,疫情的可能原因是「廚餘未完全蒸煮」。

農業部次長杜文珍指出,這項推論是根據數據顯示:吃剩食(廚餘)作為飼料的豬隻死亡率高達 39.3%,而吃一般飼料的豬隻死亡率僅 2.5%。

 


11/5賴清德總統宣布:11/7起恢復本土豬隻運宰。(照片來源:賴清德總統 facebook)

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單字片語整理

Words in Use
outbreak
[ˋaʊt͵brek]
n. . 爆發
steam
[stim]
vt. 蒸煮(食物)
n. 水蒸氣
waste
[west]
vt. 浪費
n. 浪費;廢棄物
panic
[ˋpænɪk]
n. & vi. 恐慌,驚恐
among
[əˋmʌŋ]
prep. 在……之中
leftovers
[ˋlɛftovɚ]
n. 剩菜(恆用複數)
contain
[kənˋten]
vt. 包含,裝有 / 控制;抑制
virus
[ˋvaɪrəs]
n. (濾過性)病毒、(電腦)病毒
regular
[ˋrɛgjəlɚ]
a. 經常(發生)的;定期 / 規律 / 固定的;普通 / 一般的
n. 老顧客,常客
feed
[fid]
vi. 以……為食
n. 飼料(不可數)
vt. 餵食
improper
[ɪmˋprɑpɚ]
adj. 不合適的,不適當的
disposal
[dɪˋspoz!]
n. 處理,處置;配置;布置;排列
cause
[kɔz]
n. 原因;理由
vt. 引起;導致
pollution
[pəˋluʃən]
n. 汙染(不可數)
death
[dɛθ]
n. 死亡
taste
[test]
n. 味道;一口;品味(不可數)
vt. 品嚐;體驗
vi. 嚐起來
properly
[ˋprɑpɚlɪ]
adv. 恰當地,妥善地,正確地,適當地
heated
[ˋhitɪd]
a. 激烈的
negative
[ˋnɛgətɪv]
adj. 負面的;否定的
positive
[ˋpɑzətɪv]
n. 優點,好處
adj. 確信的,有把握的;積極正面的;(化驗 / 檢驗等結果)陽性的
several
[ˋsɛvərəl]
pron. 幾個,一些
adj. 幾個的,一些的
round
[raʊnd]
n. 回合;巡視(此意恆用複數)
adj. 圓的
prep. & adv. 繞著〔英〕 (= around〔美〕)
vt. 繞過
conference
[ˋkɑnfərəns]
n. 會議
fuel
[ˋfjʊəl]
vt. 激起(憤怒等)
n. 燃料
vi. & vt. 填加燃料
petroleum
[pəˋtrolɪəm]
n. . 石油(可提煉汽油、柴油或煤油)
steaming
[stimɪŋ]
a. 冒蒸氣的
tank
[tæŋk]
n. 坦克車;槽;油箱
personnel
[͵pɝsnˋɛl]
n. 人員,員工(集合名詞);人事部
possibility
[͵pɑsəˋbɪlətɪ]
n. 可能性
vehicle
[ˋviɪk!]
n. 車輛;任何有輪子的運載工具
medicine
[ˋmɛdəsn̩]
n. 藥、醫學
professor
[prəˋfɛsɚ]
n. (大學)教授
investigator
[ɪnˋvɛstə͵getɚ]
n. 偵探;調查員
initially
[ɪˋnɪʃəlɪ]
adv. 開始時,最初
supplier
[səˋplaɪɚ]
n. 供應者;供應商
staff
[stæf]
n. (全體)職員(集合名詞,不可數)
vt. 為……配備人員(一般用被動)
evidence
[ˋɛvədəns]
n. 證據(集合名詞,不可數)
a. 證明
temperature
[ˋtɛmp(ə)rətʃɚ]
n. 溫度;體溫
disinfection
[͵dɪsɪnˋfɛkʃən]
n. 消毒
conduct
[kənˋdʌkt]
vt. 處理;指揮(樂團)
transmission
[trænsˋmɪʃən]
n. 傳送 (電視訊號); 傳播 (疾病)
collect
[kəˋlɛkt]
vt. 收集
institute
[ˋɪnstətjut]
n. 機構;學院(尤指理工學院)
vt. 開始;制定
wet
[wɛt]
vt. 弄溼;尿溼
adj. 溼的
uncertain
[ʌnˋsɝtn̩]
adj. 不確定的
conditions
[kənˋdɪʃənz]
n. 天氣狀況(恆用複數)
guideline
[ˋgaɪd͵laɪn]
n. 行動綱領,指導方針 (常用複數)
misunderstood
[͵ʌndɚˋstʊd]
vt. 誤會,誤解
understand的動詞過去式、過去分詞
supervisor
[͵supɚˋvaɪzɚ]
n. 監督者,主管
execute
[ˋɛksɪ͵kjut]
vt. 執行;處死
response
[rɪˋspɑns]
n. 回應;回答;反應(與介詞 to 並用)
scheme
[skim]
vt. & vi. 策劃,密謀
n. 詭計,陰謀
inspection
[ɪnˋspɛkʃən]
n. 檢查,查驗
soil
[sɔɪl]
n. 土壤
vt. 弄髒,汙損
valid
[ˋvælɪd]
a. 有效力的;令人信服的
sample
[ˋsæmp!]
adj. 作為例子的
vt. 抽樣檢查 / 研究 / 詢問;試吃
n. 樣品
temporary
[ˋtɛmpə͵rɛrɪ]
a. 暫時的
hire
[haɪr]
vt. & n. 僱用;租用
hog
[hɑg]
vt. 霸占,將⋯⋯占為己有
agriculture
[ˋægrɪ͵kʌltʃɚ]
n. 農業
inference
[ˋɪnfərəns]
n. . 推論
significantly
[sɪgˋnɪfəkəntlɪ]
adv. 顯著地
acquire
[əˋkwaɪr]
vt. 購得,獲得
multiple
[ˋmʌltəp!]
a. 多重的,眾多的
Practical Phrases
instead of...
 取代……;而非……

Some say that happiness, instead of working hard, is the key to success.
有人說快樂,而非努力,才是成功的祕訣。

throw sth away / throw away sth
 將某物扔掉

You need to throw away those stinky sneakers.
你應把那雙臭球鞋丟掉

test negative for...
 ……的檢驗 / 檢驗(等)結果為陰性

Derek tested positive for COVID-19.
德瑞克冠狀病毒的檢驗結果為陽性

rule out... / rule... out
 排除⋯⋯

We didn't rule out the possibility that it was Jack who stole the money.
我們不排除偷錢的人是傑克的可能性。

even if
 即使(視作連接詞)

I'll give you the money even if you can t pay me back.

即使你沒能力還錢,我還是會給你錢。

at least + 數字
 最少……
need to V
 需要/必須做......
run out of sth
 用盡某物

Our car was running out of gas.

我們的車子快汽油了。

be required to V
 被要求

Everyone is required to wear a uniform to the ceremony.
每個人都必須穿制服參加典禮。

prevent sb/sth from + N/V-ing / being p.p.
 阻止某人 / 某物……;使某人 / 某物無 法……

Robert’s sore legs prevented him from joining the marathon.
羅伯特腿痠使無法參加馬拉松比賽。

Taking necessary precautions will prevent many accidents from happening.
採取必要的預防措施能防止許多意外的發生。

be based on / upon sth
 依據某物
= be grounded in / on...

The movie was based on a true story.
這部電影是根據一個真實故事所拍攝的。

compare with / to...
 比較……

Compared with my plain boxed meal, Becky’s seemed like a great delicacy.
我很普通的便當相比,貝琪的便當看起來是山珍海味。

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Taipei Times
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