新聞英語
Humanity reached a milestone in November 2022, when the global population exceeded eight billion people. Reaching this number means people are living longer, with generally better access to healthcare, food, and sanitation than past generations.
Along with passing this milestone, many demographic changes are expected to occur in the coming years. A United Nations report shows that the world’s population will increase to around 9.7 billion people by the year 2050. It is predicted to peak three decades later at approximately 10.4 billion people and stay around this number until the end of the century. What’s interesting to note is that more than half of the population growth up to 2050 will come from just eight countries—the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Tanzania.
Although the population is increasing, it isn’t climbing as quickly as in the past. 25 The global number has been growing at its slowest rate since the 1950s. In fact, the rate has been below 1% since 2020.
Furthermore, fertility rates have been steadily declining over the years. Around two-thirds of humanity lives in countries with fertility rates below 2.1 births per woman, which is the number needed to maintain a population.
Meanwhile, the share of the global population aged 65 and above is rapidly rising. It is predicted to rise from 10% in 2022 to 16% in 2050. Countries with aging populations should adapt their policies by establishing or improving universal healthcare and long-term care systems.
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1. According to the passage, when is the global population supposed to reach its peak? (A) 2022. (B) 2050. (C) 2080. (D) 2100. |
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2. Why is a fertility rate of 2.1 births per woman significant? (A) It is the highest fertility rate ever recorded. (B) It is the current global average fertility rate. (C) It is the average fertility rate of the eight largest countries. (D) It is the number of births a population needs to maintain itself. |
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3. What are governments in aging societies advised to do? (A) Raise fertility rates. (B) Better healthcare. (C) Spend more on education. (D) Pay medical costs for the elderly. |
We should do things for the welfare of all humanity.
我們應該做對全人類有益的事。
We should do things for the good of all mankind.
我們應該做對全人類有益的事。
We should do things for the good of all humans.
我們應該做對全人類有益的事。
Mother Teresa was a woman of great humanity.
德蕾莎修女是個非常慈悲的女性。
The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track.
沿著一條泥濘小路是到那棟大樓的唯一途徑。
Students in this school have easy access to the lab.
該校的學生可隨時使用實驗室。
You need a card to access the building at night.
晚上時,你需要用一張卡來進入那棟建築。
Every time I access this file, my computer crashes.
每當我要讀取這個檔案時,我的電腦就會當機。
The new trail provides easier access to the waterfall.
這條新步道讓通往瀑布的路線更為便利。
Bob declined to join Judy's dinner party.
鮑伯婉拒出席茱蒂的晚宴派對。
I offered to give Tina a ride after the party, but she declined.
舞會結束後我提議讓蒂娜搭便車,但她婉拒了。
Car sales declined by 5% in the second quarter.
汽車銷售量在第 2 季下降了 5%。
Street violence seems to have been on the decline ever since the new mayor was sworn in.
新市長上任後,街頭暴力事件似乎已在減少中。
It’s a universal truth that people need to be loved.
人人皆需要愛,舉世皆然。
Smiling is a universal expression.
微笑是全世界共通的語言。
The philosophy professor talked about universals, such as the need to feel loved.
哲學教授談到了一些普遍的概念,如被愛的需要。
The rate of unemployment has been rising in recent years.
近年來的失業率逐漸上升。
This resort is rated as the most beautiful place in the country.
這個觀光勝地被評為該國最美的地方。
At any rate, their performance did not live up to our expectations.
無論如何,他們的表現並不如我們所預期。
The country's population is growing at a slow rate.
該國的人口以緩慢的速度成長。
The doctor checked Gary's heart rate.
醫生檢查了蓋瑞的心率。
George wants to buy a better car than his current one.
喬治想買一輛比現在更好的車。
Tony was unhappy because his sister did better than
him on the final exam.
湯尼很不高興,因為他妹妹期末考考得比他好。
Trevor had a hard life, but he wanted better for his kids.
崔佛的生活過得很艱難,但他想讓他的孩子有更好的生活。
Steve decided to better his job opportunities by getting a master’s degree.
史提夫決定去取得碩士學位好來提升自己的工作機會。
Josh knew, for better or worse, he must accept his parents’ decision.
喬許知道,無論好壞,他都得接受他父母的決定。
My camera was stolen, along with my cellphone.
我的相機連同手機一起被偷了。
The stadium is very large and can hold up to 60,000 people.
那間體育館很寬敞,可容納多達六萬人。
Sales of the popular new smartphone are increasing at a very fast rate.
那款熱賣的新型智慧型手機以非常快的速度增加銷量。
republic [ rɪˋpʌblɪk ] n. 共和國/制(依法律選出國家執政者)
• The First French Republic ended with the declaration of the First French Empire in 1804.
1804 年宣布法蘭西第一帝國成立時,法蘭西第一共和國結束。
以下介紹表「政府、政權」的不同說法:
a. government [ ˋgʌvɚnmənt ] n. 政體(國家政治運作的方式);(國家/地方)政府
• Peter is an advocate of democratic government.
彼得是民主政體的倡導者。
• The local government has been promoting tourism in recent years.
近年來,當地政府一直在提倡觀光。
b. administration [ əd͵mɪnəˋstreʃənn ] n. 一任政府(尤指由總統領導的一任政府)
• The current president’s administration has been harshly criticized.
現任總統所帶領的政府被嚴厲批評。
c. regime [ rɪˋʒim ] n. 政權 (負面意涵,尤指未經公平選舉而掌權的政府)
• The military regime was overthrown.
該軍事政權被推翻。
d. democracy [ dɪˋmɑkrəsɪ ] n. 民主政體/治;民主國家
• Some countries evolved towards democracy after World War II.
二戰後,一些國家逐步邁向民主政體。
• After the king was brought down, the nation became a democracy.
在國王被推翻之後,那個國家就成為民主國家。
e. monarchy [ ˋmɑnɚkɪ ] n. 君主政體;君主制的國家
• The British monarchy lost all power in 1649 after the office of King was abolished.
在 1649 年國王職位被廢除後,英國君主政體失去 所有權力。
• In a monarchy, a king or queen rules the country.
在君主制的國家,由國王或王后治理國家。
2022 年十一月,人類達成一項里程碑,就在那時全球 人口超過八十億。人口達到這一數量表示跟過去幾代的人相 比,人們普遍更容易取得醫療、食物和公衛設施資源,因而 活得更久。
除了突破這一項里程碑外,預計未來幾年人口統計資 料將發生許多變化。一份聯合國報告顯示,到了 2050 年, 世界人口將增加至大約九十七億。再過三十年,預計將達到 約一百零四億的巔峰,並維持在這個數字上下直到本世紀結 束。值得注意的是,直到 2050 年,人口增長有一半以上將 來自僅僅八個國家 ── 剛果民主共和國、埃及、衣索比亞、 印度、奈及利亞、巴基斯坦、菲律賓和坦尚尼亞。
儘管人口正在增加,但並不像過去那樣迅速攀升。自 1950 年代以來,全球人口數一直以最慢的速度增加。事實 上,自 2020 年以來,人口成長率一直低於 1%。此外,過 去幾年來生育率持續下滑。全球約三分之二的人類生活在生 育率低於每名婦女生 2.1 個小孩的國家中,這是人口持平所 需的數量。
同時,全球六十五歲以及六十五歲以上人口的比例正迅 速攀升。預計這一比例將從 2022 年的 10% 在 2050 年增 長至 16%。人口高齡化的國家應調整政策,建立或改善全民 醫療保健和長期照護的體系。
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1. 根據本文,全球人口應會在何時達到巔峰? (A) 2022 年。 (B) 2050 年。 (C) 2080 年。 (D) 2100 年。 |
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2. 為什麼每名婦女生 2.1 個小孩的生育率很重要? (A) 這是有史以來最高的生育率。 (B) 這是目前全球的平均生育率。 (C) 這是八個最大國家的平均生育率。 (D) 這是人口維持自身數量所需的出生數。 |
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3. 高齡化社會的政府被建議要做什麼? (A) 提高生育率。 (B) 改善醫療保健。 (C) 在教育方面投入更多錢。 (D) 支付長者的醫療費用。 |
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