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✶ 胰島素 ―― 糖尿病友的一線生機 The Past 100 Years of Insulin

The Past 100 Years of Insulin

作者 Analytical Editors

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胰島素 ―― 糖尿病友的一線生機 The Past 100 Years of Insulin

人們一度認為被診斷出糖尿病就是被判了死刑。

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目錄 /

More to Learn

中文翻譯(& 答案)

歷史迴廊

Being diagnosed with diabetes was once considered a death sentence. Once people learned they had the
disease, they usually died within a few months or a few years if patients followed extreme diets. This dire situation changed after Dr. Frederick Banting and his assistant, Charles Best, discovered how to isolate insulin on July 27, 1921.

Insulin is produced in the organ called the pancreas. It is a necessary hormone required by our bodies to regulate the sugar levels in our blood. People with diabetes are unable to produce insulin or adequate amounts of insulin. Without insulin, nutrients cannot be correctly distributed to vital organs throughout the body. As a result, these organs slowly shut down until the body dies. Therefore, it is essential that diabetic people regularly receive insulin shots to survive.

>> 氣泡水的必要成分：水、氣泡，還有美好的味道All That Pops Is Not Soda

At the turn of the 20th century, scientists first discovered that the pancreas was responsible for producing insulin. In tests, animals that had their pancreas removed showed common symptoms of diabetes. After this discovery, the question then became how to isolate insulin from the pancreas and how to administer it to patients with diabetes.

In 1921, Dr. Banting and Best figured out how to extract insulin from a dog’s pancreas. They later used the insulin to treat another dog with diabetes successfully. In 1922, a more refined form of insulin was isolated from the pancreases of cattle. This insulin was then administered as shots to people suffering from diabetes. The method pioneered by Dr.Banting and Best benefits millions of people with diabetes. Dr. Banting was therefore awarded a Nobel Prize at age 32, remaining the youngest winner in the field.

What did you learn?

1. What is the function of insulin for our bodies?
2. How do people suffering from diabetes receive insulin using Dr. Banting and Best’s method?

參考答案：

1. It regulates the sugar levels in our blood.

2.They receive insulin as shots. / Insulin is administered as shots to them.

單字片語整理

Words in Use

●

diagnose(s)

[ˋdaɪəgˌnoz]

vt. 診斷（病症）

●

isolate

[ˋaɪs!͵et]

.vt. 使隔離，使孤立

●

regulate

[ˋrɛgjə͵let]

vt. 規範；調節，調整；控制

●

nutrient

[ˋn(j)utrɪənt]

a. 營養的，滋養的

n. 養分，營養物

●

distribute

[dɪˋstrɪbjʊt]

.vt. 分發，分配

●

vital

[ˋvaɪt!]

a. 維持生命必需的；極重要的

●

essential

[ɪˋsɛnʃəl]

a. 必要的，不可或缺的

n. 要素，要點；必需品（常用複數）

●

symptom

[ˋsɪmptəm]

n. 症狀

●

administer

[ədˋmɪnəstɚ]

vt. 管理；執行 / 實施（法律等）；給予／施用（藥物、治療等）

●

extract

[ɪkˋstrækt]

n. 萃取物

vt. 提煉；摘錄；獲取（情報、錢）

●

refined

[rɪˋfaɪnd]

a. 精煉的

●

pioneer

[͵paɪəˋnɪr]

n. 開拓者，先驅

vt. 率先發明 / 使用 / 倡導

●

insulin

[ˋɪnsəlɪn]

n. 胰島素

●

diabetes

[͵daɪəˋbitiz]

n. . 糖尿病

●

dire

[daɪr]

a. 極其嚴重的，危急的

●

pancreas

[ˋpæŋkrɪəs]

n. 胰臟

●

hormone

[ˋhɔrmon]

n. 荷爾蒙

Practical Phrases

●

at the turn of the century

世紀交接的時期

Queen Victoria died at the turn of the century.
維多利亞女王於世紀之交去世。

●

be responsible for

負責……，為……負責

Adults are responsible for their actions.
成年人要為自己的行為負責。

You should be responsible for what you've done.
你應該對自己做過的事負責。

●

suffer from...

罹患（疾病），飽受（疾病）之苦

My father suffers from diabetes.
我爸爸患有糖尿病。

Many areas have suffered from the effects of climate change.
許多地區已遭受氣候變遷的影響。

●

be awarded sth

被頒發某物

Tim was awarded a statue for Best Actor.
提姆獲頒最佳演員獎一座。

●

a death sentence

死刑

More to Learn

adequate [ ˋædəkwɪt ] a. 足夠的，充分的

• Our research project cannot proceed without adequate funding.

 沒有足夠的資金，我們的研究計畫就無法進行。

介紹其他表「足夠的，充足的」的用法:

a. enough [ əˋnʌf ] a. 足夠的，充足的

• I’m afraid we don’t have enough cookies for all the children here.

我們恐怕沒有足夠的餅乾給這裡全部的孩子們。

b. plenty of... 充分的/大量的⋯⋯

• We have plenty of time to pack up before leaving for the airport. 在出發去機場前我們還有充分的時間整理行李。

c. plentiful [ ˋplɛntɪfəl ] a. 充足的;豐富的

• The plentiful rainfall in this region helps the crops grow.

這個地區充足的雨量幫助作物生長。

d. sufficient [ səˋfɪʃənt ] a. 足夠的，充足的

• There wasn’t sufficient evidence to arrest the suspect.

沒有足夠的證據逮捕那名嫌疑犯。

e. ample [ ˋæmp! ] a. 充足的，充裕的

• Benny’s yard has ample room for his dogs to run around.

班尼的院子有足夠的空間讓他的狗狗跑來跑去。

中文翻譯(& 答案)

胰島素 ― 糖尿病友的一線生機

人們一度認為被診斷出糖尿病就是被判了死刑。一旦人們得知自己患有這個疾病，他們通常會在幾個月內死亡，如果病患遵循極嚴格的飲食法或許可多活幾年。這樣嚴峻的狀況在弗雷德里克.班廷醫師和他的助理查爾斯.貝斯特於 1921 年七月二十七日發現如何分離胰島素後改變了。

胰島素是由叫作胰臟的器官所製造。它是我們身體調節血液中血糖濃度的必要賀爾蒙。糖尿病患無法製造胰島素或無法製造足夠的胰島素。少了胰島素，養分就無法正確地被分送到身體的重要器官。因此，這些器官會慢慢地衰竭，直到身體死去。所以，糖尿病患者為了活下來，定期接受胰島素注射是必要的。

在二十世紀初，科學家首次發現胰臟負責製造胰島素。在實驗中，被移除胰臟的動物會出現糖尿病的常見症狀。在這項發現之後，問題變成如何從胰臟分離出胰島素，以及如何將其施用在糖尿病患身上。

在 1921 年，班廷醫師和貝斯特理解了如何從狗狗的胰臟萃取出胰島素。他們之後用該胰島素成功治療了另一隻患有糖尿病的狗狗。在 1922 年，更精煉的胰島素從牛隻的胰臟分離出來。這種胰島素之後以注射的方式施用在罹患糖尿病的人們身上。班廷醫師和貝斯特開創的方法造福了上百萬名糖尿病患。班廷醫師也因此在三十二歲時被授予諾貝爾獎，至今仍是該領域最年輕的得主。

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Analytical Editors

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