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二十世紀的孩子們反而會充滿熱情地說他們想成為可以駕駛太空船的太空人。
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目錄 /
歷史迴廊
For many years, when kids were asked what they wanted to be when they grew up, their answers were not YouTubers or social media influencers. Instead, children in the 20th century enthusiastically said they wanted to be astronauts, who could fly spaceships. This was because many of them got to see the start of the Space Race, a competition between Cold War rivals—the USSR and America—in the 1950s and 1960s to see who was more technologically advanced. While the US eventually won the Space Race by landing people on the moon first, the USSR was a leader in many ways in the beginning. They put the first artificial satellite into space in 1957. Then, they put the first person into space in 1961. Additionally, in 1963, the USSR sent the first woman into space, Valentina Tereshkova.
Born in a small village north of Moscow, Tereshkova was selected from more than 400 candidates who had applied to the Soviet cosmonaut corps after being inspired by Yuri Gagarin’s 108-minute space flight in 1961. She then had 18 months of training and was chosen to pilot Vostok 6 at the age of 26 due to her considerable skydiving experience. Tereshkova orbited the Earth 48 times during her 70.8-hour flight. Upon her return, she parachuted to safety before the capsule hit the ground.
>> 美國水族館開設企鵝養老村/旅宿業吹起綠色風潮 減少房務來種樹
Later on in her life, Tereshkova was awarded many medals and held several high-level positions in the USSR. Her historic flight shattered the glass ceiling for women in space, paving the way for the next woman in space, Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya, who was sent into orbit 19 years later in 1982.
What Did You Learn?
1. How did the US win the Space Race in the 20th century?
2. Why was Tereshkova chosen to be the first woman to fly in space?參考答案:
1. By landing people on the moon first.
2. Due to / Because of her considerable skydiving experience.
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●●n. 競爭（不可數）；比賽（可數）；（生意上競爭的） 同行（集合名詞，不可數，之前置定冠詞 the）Thirty students are in competition with each other for the tennis championship.
30 名學生競相爭奪網球比賽冠軍。Connie is the youngest contestant in the swimming competition.
康妮是游泳比賽中最年輕的參賽者。Our prices are always lower than those of the competition.
我們的價格總是比同行來得低。多益藍色英檢中級高中 Level 4●a. 對手的，競爭的n. 競爭者，對手vt. 與......匹敵/媲美，比得上=match=equalWhen it comes to negotiation skills, Robert has no rival.
說到談判技巧，沒人比得上羅伯特。For Roy, no other sports can rival basketball for excitement.
對羅伊來說，沒有其他運動能比籃球更刺激。The rival school won the championship this year.
對手學校今年贏得了冠軍。多益金色英檢中級高中 Level 5●●●adv. 除此之外=besides=moreover=furthermoreThe rent is cheap. Additionally, the location is perfect.
除了房租便宜之外，地點更是棒得沒話講。The rent is cheap. In addition, the location is perfect.
除了房租便宜之外，地點更是棒得沒話講。The rent is cheap. On top of that, the location is perfect.
除了房租便宜之外，地點更是棒得沒話講。高中 Level 3●●●●●●vt. & vi. （使）粉碎，破滅，打碎=smashThe earthquake shook the building, causing the mirror to fall from the wall and shatter into pieces.
地震搖晃著建築物，使得牆上的鏡子掉到地上碎成碎片。An unpleasant meeting shattered Peter's illusions about the joint venture.
一場不歡而散的會議粉碎了彼得對合資案的幻想。I accidentally shattered the picture frame with my elbow. 我不小心用手肘撞破了相框。
英檢中高高中 Level 5●spaceship[ˋspes͵ʃɪp]n. 太空船●●corps[kɔr]n. 團隊；部隊，軍隊 （此字是從法文借字，發音遵循法文規則，ps 不發音）英檢中高●skydiving[ˋskaɪ͵daɪvɪŋ]n. 跳傘運動●●n. . 膠囊；太空艙，座艙This bottle of vitamin C supplements contains 200
capsules.
這瓶維他命 C 補充劑含有 200 粒膠囊。
Are you interested in burying a time capsule so future
generations can know what our time was like?
你有興趣埋一個時光膠囊，這樣後代子孫可以知道我們的時
代是什麼樣子嗎？
The astronauts spend many hours in machines that
simulate space capsules before their actual mission
into space.
太空人在實際出任務之前，會先在一個模擬太空艙環境的機
器裡待好幾個小時。高中 Level 6Practical Phrases
●apply to + 機關∕學校∕公司等向機關／學校／公司等提出申請Darius has applied to the bank for a loan.
達瑞士已向銀行申請貸款。●be awarded sth被頒發某物Tim was awarded a statue for Best Actor.
提姆獲頒最佳演員獎一座。●pave the way for為……鋪路；為……奠基The decision paved the way for a future merger with another company.
這個決定為日後與別家公司的合併案打下基礎。●an artificial satellite人造衛星●a glass ceiling玻璃天花板，無形限制／頂障 （通常專指女性在職務晉升中無法逾越的限制）astronaut [ ˋæstrə͵nɔt ] n. 太空人
cosmonaut [ ˋkɑzmə͵nɔt ] n. (尤指前蘇聯)太空人/宇航員
• John’s dream to be an astronaut finally became a reality when he went to space.
約翰想成為太空人的夢想在他上太空時終於實現了。
• The requirements to be a cosmonaut are strict.
成為太空人的要求很嚴格。
字首 astro- / aster- 表「(關於)星球的∕太空的」 或「星形的」，以下列舉以此為字首的相關單字:
a. astronomy [ əsˋtrɑnəmɪ ] n. 天文學
• I am very interested in astronomy.
我對天文學很感興趣。
b. astronomer [ əˋstrɑnəmɚ ] n. 天文學家
• The astronomer spent a week observing the comet.
該天文學家花了一週觀察那顆彗星。
c. astrology [ əˋstrɑlədʒɪ ] n. 占星術/學
• I read my horoscope every day because I believe in astrology.
我每天看自己的星座運勢，因為我相信占星術。
d. astrologer [ əˋstrɑlədʒɚ ] n. 占星師
• According to astrologers, Scorpios are lucky today.
根據占星師的說法，天蠍座今天會很幸運。
e. asteroid [ ˋæstə͵rɔɪd ] n. 小行星
• Scientists said that an asteroid would be passing dangerously close to Earth this year.
科學家表示，今年將會有一顆小行星靠地球太近而 可能造成危險。
f. asterisk [ ˋæstə͵rɪsk ] n. 星號 & vt. 標上星號
• The asterisk is put here to call attention to additional information related to the phrase.
星號被放在這裡是為了提醒注意與該片語相關的附 加訊息。
• Anna asterisked the sentence because it was important.
因為這個句子很重要，所以安娜標上了星號。
過去多年來，當小孩被問及他們長大後想成為什麼時， 他們的回答不是 YouTuber 或社群媒體網紅。二十世紀的 孩子們反而會充滿熱情地說他們想成為可以駕駛太空船的太 空人。這是因為他們當中的許多人得以看見太空競賽的開 始 ── 一場於 1950 年代和 1960 年代、冷戰對手蘇聯 和美國之間看誰科技較先進的競賽。雖然美國最終透過先將 人類送上月球而贏得了太空競賽，但蘇聯一開始在許多方面 都處於領先地位。他們於 1957 年將第一顆人造衛星送上太 空。接著，他們於 1961 年將第一個人送上太空。此外，蘇 聯於 1963 年將首位女性范倫蒂娜.泰勒斯可娃送入太空。
泰勒斯可娃出生在莫斯科北部的一個小村莊，受到尤 里.加加林於 1961 年進行的一百零八分鐘太空飛行激勵 後，她從四百多名申請成為蘇聯宇航隊的候選人中脫穎而 出。隨後，她接受了十八個月的訓練，並於二十六歲時因其 豐富的跳傘經驗而被選來駕駛「東方六號」。泰勒斯可娃在 70.8 小時的飛行中環繞地球四十八圈。當她回到地球時，她 在太空艙撞到地面前跳傘至安全的地方。
在她往後的生活，泰勒斯可娃獲頒許多獎章，並在蘇聯 擔任過一些高階職位。她的歷史性飛行打破了女性在太空領 域中的玻璃天花板，為下一位進入太空的女性宇航員斯維特 蘭娜.薩維茨卡婭鋪路，十九年後的 1982 年，她被送上太 空。
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