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Dogs are often referred to as man's best friend, but they can do more than just play fetch with balls or Frisbees. Many of the dog breeds we keep as pets today were originally bred to perform specific tasks. From search-and-rescue to guarding flocks of sheep, working dogs have assisted humans in some amazing ways throughout history.
One of the most recognizable categories of working dogs is the service dog, which includes guide dogs for the blind, mobility-assistance dogs, and seizure-detecting dogs. Service dogs are trained to keep their handlers safe and behave well in all kinds of situations, both in public and at home. Golden retrievers and Labrador retrievers are two breeds well-suited for this type of work.
Search-and-rescue dogs are employed to locate people who have gone missing in different situations. Whether it's skiers buried by avalanches or hikers disappearing in natural areas, these dogs use their acute sense of smell and hearing to track down humans in need. Saint Bernards, Leonbergers, and bloodhounds are several breeds whose keen noses make them excellent search-and-rescue dogs.
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Herding dogs are perfect for the job of controlling livestock. Any breed with “shepherd” or “collie” in their name, like the Australian shepherd dog or Border Collie, is bred to be alert, energetic, and agile enough to keep animals like sheep and cattle safe from threats. They also work closely with their handlers to keep herds moving in an organized fashion.
These few jobs only scratch the surface of dogs' true capabilities. There are other dogs suited for therapy jobs, hunting, military and police work, or guarding homes. Whatever their job, though, one thing all dogs have in common is their unbreakable bond with humans.
1. What is the main purpose of this passage? (A) To introduce the history of how humans bred working dogs. (B) To list which dog breeds are the best ones at doing work. (C) To tell readers how to train dogs for certain jobs. (D) To explain several types of working dogs. |
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2. According to the passage, which characteristic is most important in a search-and-rescue dog? (A) Its speed and intelligence. (B) Its ability to stay focused. (C) Its highly tuned sense of smell. (D) Its willingness to listen to humans. |
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3. What does the last paragraph imply about working dogs? (A) Dogs cooperate well with people. (B) Not all dogs are suited to do a job. (C) Most dogs are kept as family pets. (D) Only a few breeds can still work today |
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4. The following are two posts stating their need for a working dog. What breed of dog should they get, according to the passage?
(A) (a) a Golden retriever / (b) a Rough Collie |
The president of the US is sometimes referred to as the chief executive.
美國總統有時被稱作最高行政首長。
The flexible scheduling options of online courses are well-suited for individuals with busy lifestyles.
線上課程彈性的日程選擇相當適合生活忙碌的人。
The police finally tracked down the place where the robbers were hiding.
警方終於找到了那些搶匪的藏身處。
Austin always does things in that fashion.
奧斯汀總是以那種方式行事。
play fetch (與狗狗)玩拋接遊戲
fetch n.(與狗狗)玩的拋接遊戲
• The boy led his dog towards the park so they could play fetch.
這名男孩帶他的狗到公園,這樣他們才能玩拋接遊戲。
fetch 除了名詞用法外,還可作及物動詞,以下介紹不同意思及用法:
a. 表「取來,拿來」。
fetch sb sth 將某物拿給某人
= fetch sth for sb
• Please fetch me a glass of water with lemon.
請幫我拿杯檸檬水來。
b. 表「請來,帶來」。
fetch sb/sth from... 從⋯⋯接回某人/帶回某物
• Nancy asked her husband to fetch their son from school.
南西要她老公去學校接他們兒子。
c. 表「售得(若干價錢)」。
• How much do you think this sculpture would fetch at auction?
你覺得這座雕像在拍賣上會以多少錢賣出?
Whatever their job, though, one thing all dogs have in common is their unbreakable bond with humans.
介紹 whatever 的三種用法:
whatever | 副詞連接詞 | 複合關係代名詞 | 複合關係形容詞 |
功 用 | 引導副詞子句 | 引導名詞子句 | 引導名詞子句 |
譯 為 | 不論什麼 | 所⋯的任何東西 | 所⋯的任何⋯ |
等 於 | no matter what | anything that | any + N + that |
※ whatever 作副詞連接詞時,表「不論/不管什麼」,引導副詞子句修飾主要子句,等於 no matter what。
a. what 是疑問代名詞,因此在 no matter what 引導的副詞子句中可作主詞、受詞,或在 be 動詞後作主詞補語。
• Whatever you do, you should be careful.
不管你做什麼事,都應該要小心。
b. 副詞子句的句構若為「主詞 + be 動詞」,且主詞為一般名詞時,be 動詞可省略(如本文用法)。
• Whatever the cause (is), the best way to deal with insomnia is to go see a doctor.
不管原因為何,對付失眠最好的方式就是去看醫生。
※ whatever 作複合關係代名詞時,表「所⋯⋯的任何東西」,引導名詞子句,等於 anything that。先行詞anything 在主要子句中可作主詞或受詞,關係代名詞that 在所引導的形容詞子句中亦可作主詞或受詞。
• Patty will do whatever (= anything that) it takes to fulfill her dreams.
佩蒂會竭盡所能達成自己的夢想。
※ whatever 作複合關係形容詞時,其後接名詞,引導名詞子句,表「所⋯⋯的任何⋯⋯」,等於「any + N + that」。“any + N” 為先行詞,在主要子句中可作主詞或受詞,that 為關係代名詞,在所引導的形容詞子句中亦可作主詞或受詞。
• Whatever mistakes you make can help you grow stronger.
你所犯的任何錯誤都能幫助你變得更強大。
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精選試題
You can almost always find _____ you need at this grocery store.
(A) no matter (B) any that (C) no matter any (D) whatever
答案: D
狗狗往往被稱為人類最好的朋友,但牠們所能做的不只是用球或飛盤玩你丟我撿。如今被我們當成寵物的許多品種的狗狗,一開始都是被培育來執行特定任務的。從搜救行動到看守羊群,歷史上,工作犬以一些驚人的方式幫助了人類。
工作犬其中一個最為人所知的類別即是服務犬,包含專為盲人服務的導盲犬、協助行動的犬隻,以及能夠偵測癲癇的狗狗。服務犬被訓練來保護領犬員的安全,並幫助他們在所有狀況中都能恰當反應,在公共場合或是家中皆然。黃金獵犬和拉布拉多犬是兩種很適合這類工作的犬種。
搜救犬被用來尋找在不同狀況下失蹤的人。不管是被雪崩所掩埋的滑雪者,或是在自然區域中消失的健行者,這些狗狗用牠們敏銳的嗅覺和聽覺來追蹤需要協助的人類。聖伯納犬、蘭伯格犬和尋血獵犬這些品種靈敏的鼻子讓牠們成為優秀的搜救犬。
牧羊犬很適合控制家畜的工作。任何名字中有「牧羊(shepherd 或 collie)」的品種 ── 像是澳洲牧羊犬或邊境牧羊犬 ──都被培育成足夠機警、有活力且敏捷,以保護像是綿羊或牛隻等動物的安全,使牠們免受威脅。牠們也與其領犬員密切合作,以讓牧群以有組織的方式移動。
這一些工作僅僅觸及狗狗真正能力的表面而已。還有其他狗狗適合治療工作、狩獵、軍警工作,或是保護家園。不過不管牠們的工作是什麼,所有狗狗都有一個共通點,那就是牠們與人類之間堅不可摧的連結。
1. 本文的主旨為何? (A) 介紹人類如何培育工作犬的歷史。 (B) 列出哪些品種的狗狗是執行工作的最佳犬種。 (C) 告訴讀者如何訓練狗狗來做某些工作。 (D) 說明數種工作犬種類。 |
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2. 根據本文,搜救犬身上最重要的特質是什麼? (A) 速度和才智。 (B) 保持專注的能力。 (C) 高度敏銳的嗅覺。 (D) 願意聽從人類。 |
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3. 關於工作犬,最後一段暗示了什麼? (A) 狗狗和人們配合得很好。 (B) 不是所有的狗狗都適合工作。 (C) 大多數狗狗都作為家寵飼養。 (D) 如今只有一些品種仍可工作。 |
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4. 下列兩則貼文說明了他們對工作犬的需求。根據本文,他們應該要用什麼品種的狗狗?
(A) (a) 黃金獵犬 / (b) 長毛牧羊犬 |