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企鵝很容易由其黑白「禮服」來辨識。這種配色實際上 可幫助牠們避開野外的掠食者。
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Penguins are easily recognized by their black and white “tuxedos.” This color scheme actually helps them avoid predators in the wild. Seen from beneath the water, their white underbelly blends in with the bright surface of the ocean during the day. Their black backside, on the other hand, matches the darkness of the deep ocean when viewed from above. Interestingly, penguins are afraid of the dark. In spite of having excellent night vision, they avoid hunting at night because it’s more difficult to spot approaching predators.
In total, there are 18 species of penguins in the world. The smallest is the blue penguin of New Zealand and Australia, which typically measures around 30 centimeters tall. The largest penguin is the emperor penguin, which can reach 1.3 meters tall. They live in Antarctica, along with six other penguin species. Penguins are only found in the southern hemisphere. However, one species, the Galapagos penguin, is adapted to warmer waters and lives near the equator.
Despite being flightless, penguins’ flipper-like wings allow them to reach incredible speeds when they swim underwater. The fastest is the gentoo penguin, which can swim at speeds of 35 kilometers per hour. With their aerodynamic bodies, penguins not only are great divers but can also jump as high as eight or nine feet into the air from the water.
Penguins are known to be very social animals that live in large groups called colonies. Many penguins mate for life, returning to the same spot every year to find their chosen partner. What’s more, penguins are one of the few animals known to bury their dead. When a member of a colony dies, penguins will dig a hole in the snow and then cover up the body inside.
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1. Which of the following is true about penguins? (A) They usually live alone in nature and have only one partner. (B) They are found all over the world except around the equator. (C) They don’t hunt when night falls because they fear being attacked. (D) They can fly at speeds of 35 km per hour with wings shaped like flippers. |
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2. Which type of penguin enjoys swimming in warmer waters? (A) The blue penguin. (B) The gentoo penguin. (C) The emperor penguin. (D) The Galapagos penguin. |
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3. According to the passage, how many penguin species can be found in Antarctica? (A) 18. (B) 11. (C) Seven. (D) One. |
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4. Which of the following facts about the four penguins in the table is NOT correct?
(A)❶ (B)❷ (C)❸ (D)❹ |
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答案：1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B
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Words in Use
●
tuxedo
[tʌkˋsido]
n. 男式無尾禮服
●
underbelly
[ˋʌndɚ͵bɛlɪ]
n. 下腹部
●
backside
[ˋbækˋsaɪd]
n. 背部
●
equator
[ɪˋkwetɚ]
n. 赤道
●
flightless
[ˋflaɪtlɪs]
a. 無法飛行的
●
flipper
[ˋflɪpɚ]
n. 鰭狀肢
Practical Phrases
●
a color scheme
色彩搭配
●
aerodynamic
流線型的
●
along with sb/sth
連同某人 / 物，以及某人 / 物
= together with...
My camera was stolen, along with my cellphone.
我的相機連同手機一起被偷了。
●
mate for life
（動物）終生保持同一配偶
●
blend in with
融入⋯⋯
The spy wore a disguise to blend in with the crowd.
那個間諜喬裝以融入人群。
●
on the other hand, S + V
另一方面...
Lucy likes going out with friends. On the other hand, Tina likes staying at home.
露西喜歡和朋友出去玩。另一方面,提娜喜歡待在家裡。
●
in spite of
儘管……
= despite...
= notwithstanding
In spite of his dad’s warning, Paul went fishing alone.
儘管他爸爸提出警告，保羅還是獨自一個人釣魚去。
In spite of our best efforts, we couldn’t save the dying man.
儘管我們盡了最大的努力，還是無法挽救那位垂死的人。
●
數字 + in total
總共……
= a total of
Seven players left the team in total.
總共有 7 名選手離開球隊。
●
be adapted to
使適應／習慣於⋯⋯
spot [ spɑt ] vt. 發現，看見，注意到
• I spotted John walking into the building late at night.
我看見約翰三更半夜走進這棟建築物。
以下介紹 spot 作動詞與名詞的用法:
a. (vt.) 認出
• The suspect was spotted by the police before boarding the plane.
該嫌疑犯要搭機前被警方認出。
b. (n.) 地點;場所
• We found a shady spot under the tree.
我們在樹下找到一處蔭涼的地方。
on the spot 當場
• The boy was caught stealing a toy on the spot.
這男孩偷玩具時當場被逮個正著。
c. (n.) 點;斑點;圓點
• Molly was wearing a yellow dress with green spots.
茉莉穿了一件有綠色圓點的黃色洋裝。
d. (n.) 少量;一點
• I just felt a few spots of raindrops on my head, so we had better get an umbrella.
我感受到幾滴雨滴到頭上，所以我們最好拿把傘。
Penguins are known to be very social animals that live in large groups called colonies.
介紹「It is + 過去分詞 + that 子句」的句型變化
※ 常見的「It is + 過去分詞 + that 子句」的句型如下:
a. It is said / reported / rumored + that 子句 據說/據報導/謠傳⋯⋯
• It is said that Larry is going to be promoted to general manager.
據說賴瑞要被升為總經理。
b. It is thought / believed + that 子句
一般認為/一般相信⋯⋯
• It is thought that a rabbit’s foot is good luck and that a black cat is bad luck.
一般認為，兔腳可以帶來好運，而黑貓會招來厄運。
c. It is expected / estimated + that 子句 預期/據估計⋯⋯
• It is estimated that 80 people died as a result of the earthquake in January.
據估計，一月發生的地震造成八十人死亡。
d. It is known + that 子句 ⋯⋯是已知的事實
• It is known that John can speak five different languages.
大家都知道約翰會講五種不同的語言。
※ 在上述句構中，that 子句中的主詞可往前移位置於句首，並因時態不同有下列變化:
a. 時態相同或主要動詞發生在未來時，to 之後接原形動詞。
→ 主詞 + is / was + 該過去分詞 + to V (本文用法)
• It is believed that the old woman is the thief.
→ The old woman is believed to be the thief.
那名老婦人被認為就是小偷。
b. 時態不同或動作已完成時，to 之後接「have + 過 去分詞」。
→ 主詞 + is / was + 該過去分詞 + to have + p.p.
• It is reported that the senator was involved in the bribery.
→ The senator is reported to have been involved in the bribery.
據報導，該參議員涉入那件賄賂案。
精選試題
The author’s latest novel is expected _____ some time next year.
(A) to come out
(B) to have come out
(C) that it will come out
(D) that it comes out
答案:A
企鵝很容易由其黑白「禮服」來辨識。這種配色實際上 可幫助牠們避開野外的掠食者。從水面下看，牠們白色的下 腹部在白天與明亮的海面融為一體。另一方面，從上方看， 牠們黑色的背部與深海的黑暗相似。有趣的是，企鵝怕黑。 儘管牠們夜視能力極佳，但還是會避免在夜間捕獵，因為這樣比較難發現正在接近的掠食者。
世界上總共有十八種不同的企鵝。最小的是紐西蘭和澳 大利亞的藍企鵝，通常約三十公分高。最大的企鵝是皇帝企 鵝，身高可達 1.3 公尺。牠們與其他六種企鵝一起生活在南 極洲。只有在南半球可看到企鵝。然而，有一種企鵝 ── 加拉巴哥環企鵝 ── 適應於較溫暖的水域並生活在赤道附近。
儘管企鵝不會飛，但鰭狀翅膀讓牠們在水下游泳時能 達到令人難以置信的速度。速度最快的是巴布亞企鵝，牠們 能以每小時三十五公里的速度游泳。憑藉其流線型身體，企 鵝不僅擅於潛水，牠們還可以從水中跳至八、九英尺高的空 中。
眾所周知，企鵝是高度群居的動物，牠們生活在稱作 colony 的大群體中。許多企鵝終生保持同一配偶，每年都會 回到同一個地方尋找牠們選擇的伴侶。而且，企鵝是為數不 多會埋葬同伴屍體的動物之一。當一群企鵝的成員死亡時， 企鵝會在雪地上挖一個洞，然後把屍體埋在裡面。
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1. 下列何者關於企鵝的敘述正確? (A) 牠們通常獨自生活在大自然中，且只有一個伴侶。 (B) 除了赤道附近，世界各地都可以找到牠們。 (C) 因為害怕受到攻擊，牠們不會在黑夜降臨時獵食。 (D) 牠們可用形狀像鰭的翅膀以三十五公里的時速飛行。 |
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2. 以下哪種企鵝喜歡在較溫暖的水域游泳? (A) 藍企鵝。 (B) 巴布亞企鵝。 (C) 皇帝企鵝。 (D) 加拉巴哥環企鵝。 |
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3. 根據本文，在南極洲可以找到多少種企鵝? (A) 十八種。 (B) 十一種。 (C) 七種。 (D) 一種。 |
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4. 關於表格中的四種企鵝，下列哪項事實不正確? (A) ❶ (B) ❷ (C) ❸ (D) ❹
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