§ 動名詞(gerund)的基本形式是原形動詞加上 -ing。由於從動詞接上字尾 -ing 形成 V-ing 作名詞使用,故稱『動名詞』。因為兼有『動詞』和『名詞』雙重性格,(及物)動名詞之後可接『受詞』,(不及物)動名詞可接『主詞補語』或『副詞』,形成『動名詞片語』。另外,動名詞視同名詞,故其前可置『形容詞』或『所有格』修飾之。
✦<要點 #1> |
1. 動名詞(片語)作主詞:限接單數動詞 |
2. 動名詞(片語)作受詞 |
3. 動名詞(片語)作主詞補語 |
比較:
4. being + adj. = n. |
《補充說明》
動名詞和現在分詞很容易混淆。要之,動名詞作名詞用,現在分詞作形容詞用。動名詞表『用途或目的』,現在分詞表『動作或狀態』。如:a sleeping car(有臥舖的車廂)和 a walking stick(走路用的柺杖)是動名詞。a sleeping baby(正在睡覺的嬰兒)和 a walking dictionary(一部活字典)或 He is walking in the park.(他正在公園裡散步。)則為現在分詞。
I'm fed up with all these traffic jams.
我受夠了這些交通阻塞。
Passive smoking is more detrimental to one’s health than first-hand smoking.
二手菸危害個人健康要比直接吸菸還大。
Mark smokes all the time.
馬克總是在抽菸。
I have a lot of things to do.
我有許多事情要做。
Don’t worry. I still have a lot of money left.
別擔心。我還剩很多錢。
Why did you cheat on the test? I’m ashamed of you.
你考試為什麼要作弊?我真替你感到可恥。
Jennie was unable to conduct the research.
珍妮無法進行這份研究。
You shouldn’t depend on your parents for everything.
你不應該凡事都依賴你父母。
Whether the picnic can be held or not depends on the weather.
野餐能否舉行取決於天氣。
Playing computer games all day is a waste of time.
整天打電腦遊戲很浪費時間。
I could have lent you the money, but you did not turn to me for help.
我本來能借給你那筆錢,但你沒有向我求助。
My dad is wise, so I always turn to him for opinions.
我爸很有智慧,所以我總是徵詢他的意見。