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英文學習文章
公開精選文章【新聞英文】下班傳 LINE 算職場霸凌嗎？勞動部給答案了！學會 5 大情境英文，教你精準描述不合理要求！
從 Workplace Bullying 學會最實用的職場英文
時事·新知#臺灣 #心靈·療癒 #時事 #職場應對
- Taipei Times
- 發布於 Jul.12,2026
難度｜閱讀時間約 8分鐘收藏文章
主管晚上十點傳訊息、臨時增加工作，甚至在群組公開點名批評，這些行為一定算職場霸凌嗎？ 答案可能沒有想像中那麼簡單。
延伸閱讀 >> 別只會寫 Bullying is bad！學會《鐵拳教育》5 個萬用金句，寫出更有態度的英文句子！
本週我們選讀《台北時報》（Taipei Times）的報導，從台灣最新的職場霸凌防治規範，學會 5 組上班族真正用得到的英文。下次遇到不合理要求，別再只會說：My boss is so mean. 我的主管很壞。你可以更精準地說明：事情發生在下班後、要求超出合理範圍，還是主管根本在刻意針對你。
Step 1前情提要（The Context）「主管下班後傳訊息，要我立刻回覆，這樣算職場霸凌嗎？」
「工作突然變多，是正常管理，還是在故意整人？」勞動部公布職場霸凌防治相關規範後，不少主管與員工都有類似疑問。《台北時報》報導指出，並不是所有令人不舒服的管理方式，都會被認定為職場霸凌。
例如，主管交付合理的工作、設定合理目標，原則上屬於正常管理；但若要求明顯超出工作所需，或反覆針對特定員工提出不合理要求，就可能落入職場霸凌的範圍。至於下班後收到訊息，則需判斷事情是否真的緊急，以及主管是否要求員工立即回覆。所以真正的重點不是：
Did my boss send me a message after work?
主管有沒有在下班後傳訊息？而是：
Was the request necessary, reasonable, and urgent?
這項要求是否必要、合理，而且真的很緊急？Step 2從報導中學會 5 組實用職場英文① 當你要問「這算職場霸凌嗎？」
“...would constitute workplace bullying...”（…可能構成職場霸凌……）constitute 是新聞、法律及正式職場場合中常見的動詞，意思是「構成、被視為」。比起直接說 This is workplace bullying. 用 constitute 會更精準，因為你是在討論某項行為「是否符合職場霸凌的認定條件」，而不是只憑個人感受下結論。
A constitutes B.
A 構成 B。注意，constitute 後面直接接受詞，不需要加 as。
This behavior may constitute workplace bullying.（O）
This behavior may constitute as workplace bullying.（X）延伸運用• Repeatedly humiliating an employee in public may constitute workplace bullying.（反覆在公開場合羞辱員工，可能構成職場霸凌。）
• Does assigning extra work constitute workplace bullying?（增加工作量算是職場霸凌嗎？）② 當主管「下班後傳訊息」
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“...sending messages after work hours...”（……在下班時間後傳送訊息……）下班後；非上班時間，許多人會直接說 after work，這本身沒有錯 Let’s have dinner after work.（我們下班後去吃飯吧。）。但文章中的 after work hours 更強調「已經不在正式工作時段內」，因此特別適合用來討論加班、勞動界線或主管傳訊息等情境。
晚上十點，主管突然在群組標記你：
Sorry to contact you after work hours, but could you check this tomorrow morning?
抱歉下班後聯絡你，不過你可以明天早上再確認這件事嗎？這句話之所以較能讓人接受，是因為主管清楚說明「不用立刻處理」。
相反地：
I need this done tonight. Reply immediately.
我今晚就要。立刻回覆。如果這類要求沒有必要性或急迫性，而且反覆出現，就不只是單純傳訊息而已。報導中受訪律師也表示，判斷時會考量員工是否有「立即回覆」的必要與急迫性。
after work 下班後，偏日常用法
after work hours 正常工作時間以外，語氣較正式
outside working hours 非工作時段，常見於公司規範延伸運用• My supervisor often sends messages after work hours.（我的主管經常在下班後傳訊息。）
• Employees are not expected to reply outside working hours unless the matter is urgent.（除非事情緊急，否則公司不要求員工在非工作時間回覆。）③ 「這被視為不合理要求」英文怎麼說？
“…it would count as an unreasonable request and fall under workplace bullying.”（……這會被視為不合理要求，並落入職場霸凌的範圍。）這一句有兩組非常實用的表達。
count as 被視為；算作
Does this count as overtime?
這算加班嗎？A message without an urgent deadline may not count as a work order.
沒有緊急期限的訊息，可能不算正式工作指令。fall under 被歸入；屬於……範圍
This situation falls under workplace bullying.
這種情況屬於職場霸凌的範圍。The issue falls under the HR department’s responsibility.
這個問題屬於人資部門的職責範圍。constitute、count as 和 fall under 都可以用來談「是否屬於某個類別」，但語氣略有不同：
- constitute：正式地構成
- count as：被視為、算作
- fall under：被歸類到某個範圍
延伸運用• Repeated personal attacks may count as workplace bullying.（反覆的人身攻擊可能被視為職場霸凌。）④ 當要求已經「超出合理範圍」
“... beyond what is necessary and reasonable...”（……超出必要且合理的程度……）這裡的 what 不是問句，而是表示「……的事物／程度」。
beyond what is necessary
超出必要程度beyond what we originally agreed on
超出我們原先約定的內容beyond what one person can handle
超出一個人所能負荷的範圍延伸運用• I’m happy to help, but this task is beyond the scope of my current role.（我願意幫忙，但這項任務已超出我目前的職務範圍。）
• These last-minute requests go beyond what we originally agreed on.（這些臨時要求已經超出我們原先約定的內容。）
⑤ 「主管是不是在針對我？」英文怎麼說？
“... targeted a particular person...”（... 針對某個特定人士...）當你想說「主管好像只針對我」，可以說：
I feel like I’m being targeted.
我覺得自己被刻意針對。
另一個很實用的片語是：
single someone out
把某人特別挑出來；刻意針對某人Why am I always being singled out in the group chat?
為什麼我總是在群組裡被特別點名？single out不一定都是負面的，也可以表示「特別表揚」。真正的意思要看上下文。She was singled out for praise.
她被特別提出來表揚。He felt singled out and humiliated in front of the team.
他覺得自己被刻意針對，還在團隊面前受到羞辱。延伸運用• Please give feedback privately instead of singling people out in the group chat.（請私下給予回饋，不要在群組中刻意點名個人。）
• I understand the mistake, but I don’t think it was necessary to call me out in front of everyone.（我知道自己犯了錯，但我認為沒有必要在所有人面前點名指責我。）
練習請用今天學到的句型完成句子Q1主管經常在晚上十一點傳訊息，但並未說明是否需要立即回覆。
My supervisor often sends messages ______ ______ ______, but never says whether an immediate reply is required.Q2反覆在所有同事面前羞辱員工，可能構成職場霸凌。
Repeatedly humiliating an employee in front of everyone may ______ ______ ______.Q3這些臨時交辦已經超出我們原先約定的工作內容。
These last-minute assignments go ______ ______ we originally agreed on.Q4為什麼主管總是在群組裡只點名我？
Why does my supervisor always ______ me ______ in the group chat?Q5如果不合理的要求持續針對特定人士，就可能落入職場霸凌的範圍。
If unreasonable requests repeatedly ______ a particular person, they may fall under workplace bullying.答案：1. after work hours
2. constitute workplace bullying
3. beyond what
4. single / out
5. 5. target閱讀完整原文學會這 5 組關鍵英文後，看看自己能讀懂多少！MOL clarifies workplace bullying prevention rules 勞動部釐清職場霸凌防治規範
CONCERNS: Regarding worries about assigning more work or speaking loudly, an official said it would not be bullying if the tasks were reasonable and did not target one person
疑慮：針對指派較多工作或說話大聲的擔憂，官員表示，如果任務合理且未針對特定個人，就不算霸凌。
By Jake Chung / Staff writer, with CNA
The Ministry of Labor (MOL) yesterday introduced a bullying prevention manual ahead of the promulgation of amendments to the Occupational Safety and Health Act (職業安全衛生法), which would introduce workplace bullying prevention on Wednesday next week.
Responding to concerns that sending messages after work hours or asking employees to attend a nonwork function would constitute workplace bullying, Minister of Labor Hung Sun-han (洪申翰) said criteria needed to be met for an act to be considered workplace bullying, such as verbal abuse, vocational intervention, social isolation, or criticizing an employee beyond what is necessary and reasonable for the performance of one's official duties, resulting in the worker suffering from physical or psychological pressure.
Proposals from legislators across party lines showed that they were supportive of the issue, he said.
勞動部昨日在發布《職業安全衛生法》修正案之前，推出了霸凌防治手冊，該修正案將於下週三引入職場霸凌防治規範 。針對下班後傳送訊息或要求員工參加非工作活動是否構成職場霸凌的疑慮，勞動部長洪申翰表示，一項行為必須符合特定標準才會被認定為職場霸凌，例如言語辱罵、職務干預、社交孤立，或是對員工進行超出執行公務必要及合理範圍的批評，進而導致勞工遭受身體或心理上的壓力。他表示，跨黨派立法委員的提案顯示了他們對此議題的支持。Minister of Labor Hung Sun-han speaks to reporters before attending a legislative session in Taipei yesterday.
Hung said he hoped to engage in constructive dialogue with committee members regarding amendments, and provide workers and those with newborn children with more government support.
Ministry officials on Tuesday issued two ancillary regulations under the act, which clearly define what constitutes as bullying, the measures and actions employers should take, and how local governments and authorities should act when a company's highest-ranking member is involved in workplace bullying.
They are the Guidelines on Workplace Bullying Prevention Measures (職場霸凌防治措施準則) and the Procedures for Local Authorities Handling Complaints Involving Workplace Bullying by Top Executives (地方主管機關受理最高負責人職場霸凌事件申訴處理辦法).
勞動部長洪申翰昨日在台北出席立法院院會前向記者發表談話。洪申翰表示，他希望能與委員們就修正案進行建設性的對話，並為勞工及育有新生兒的民眾提供更多政府支持。
勞動部官員週二發布了該法案下的兩項附屬法規，明確定義了何謂霸凌、雇主應採取的措施與行動，以及當公司的最高負責人涉及職場霸凌時，地方政府與主管機關應如何處置。這兩項法規分別是《職場霸凌防治措施準則》與《地方主管機關受理最高負責人職場霸凌事件申訴處理辦法》。Regarding managers' worries that they would be sued for workplace bullying if they spoke louder than usual or assigned more work, Occupational Health Division Deputy Director Peng Feng-mei (彭鳳美) said that reasonable work instructions and goals would not be considered bullying.
However, if such acts targeted a particular person, it would be count as an unreasonable request and fall under workplace bullying.
Weiyes Attorneys-at-Law lawyer Weng Wei (翁瑋) said that, in practice, when looking at possible workplace bullying, lawyers would consider the necessity and urgency of immediately replying to supervisors' messages.
If the messages were reminders and said the task could be handled tomorrow, it would be considered normal, Weng added.
針對管理階層擔心若說話比平時大聲或指派更多工作會挨告職場霸凌，職業安全衛生署副組長彭鳳美表示，合理的工作指示與目標不會被視為霸凌。
然而，如果此類行為是針對特定個人，就會被算作不合理的要求，並歸類為職場霸凌。
蔚理法律事務所律師翁瑋表示，在實務上，當檢視潛在的職場霸凌時，律師會考量立即回覆主管訊息的必要性與急迫性。翁瑋補充，如果訊息只是提醒，並表示任務可以明天再處理，這就會被視為正常情況
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●vt. & n. 請求；要求=requireMy boss thought my report was too lengthy, so I had to cut it short at his request.
老闆認為我的報告過於冗長，所以我只好應他要求把報告裁短一些。For those who are interested in this investment, we have a lot of booklets on request.
對於本投資有興趣的人，我們準備了許多小冊子備索。May we request the honor of your presence at our gathering?
我們可否有此榮幸邀您出席我們的聚會？Since the holiday is drawing near, I request that the meeting (should) be put off until sometime next month.
由於假期在即，我要求會議延到下個月其他時間另行召開。多益綠色英檢中級高中 Level 3●●●●.vt. 組成，構成=form=comprise=composeVolunteers constitute one third of the hospital’s workforce.
志工構成了這間醫院 3 分之 1 的人力。
Volunteers form one third of the hospital’s workforce.
志工構成了這間醫院 3 分之 1 的人力。
Volunteers comprise one third of the hospital’s workforce.
志工構成了這間醫院 3 分之 1 的人力。
Volunteers compose one third of the hospital’s workforce.
志工構成了這間醫院 3 分之 1 的人力。
Volunteers account for one third of the hospital’s workforce.
志工構成了這間醫院 3 分之 1 的人力。多益金色英檢中級高中 Level 4●bullying[ˋbʊlɪɪŋ]n. 霸凌（恃強欺弱的行為）英檢中高●●●●●●n. & vt. & vi. 回答 / 覆三態reply / replied [rɪˋplaɪd] / replied [rɪˋplaɪd]Oliver wrote a brief message in reply to his customer’s email.
奧利佛寫了一封簡訊來回覆他客戶的電子郵件。When the manager asked Ray whether he had finished the work, he replied,“ Not yet.”
當經理問雷他工作做完了沒，他回答：『還沒。』Have you replied to Alan’s letter yet?
你回艾倫的信了沒？高中 Level 2●●prep. & adv. 超過；在遠處，更遠The situation is beyond my control.
情況超過我能控制的範圍。The situation is out of my control.
情況超過我能控制的範圍。Clara’s beauty is beyond description.
克萊拉的美非筆墨所能形容。The company reached its sales goal of $10 million, and beyond.
公司達到了超過 1,000 萬美元的銷售目標。I could see a vast field of tulips beyond the hill.
我能看到山丘遠處有一大片的鬱金香。I can throw the ball all the way to the house and even beyond.
我可以把球丟到房子那邊，甚至更遠。高中 Level 2●●●●●●●●●●●●n. 使用手冊a. 手工的；用手操作的=booklet=handbookYou should read the manual before you use the copier.
在使用這部影印機之前，你應該先閱讀使用手冊。Mark doesn’t like manual labor. He wants a desk job instead.
馬克不喜歡勞力工作。他反而想要一份坐辦公室的工作。
My camera has manual and automatic functions.
我的相機有手動和自動功能。多益藍色英檢中級高中 Level 4●amendment[əˋmɛndmənt]n. 修正多益金色英檢中高●a. 職業的Laura is taking vocational training to learn to be
a hairdresser.
蘿拉正在接受成為美髮師的在職訓練。George decided to attend the culinary vocational school, rather than the academic school, because he’s more interested in cooking.
喬治決定就讀餐飲職業學校，而不是著重學術的學校，因為
他對烹飪更感興趣。多益金色英檢中高高中 Level 6●●●●a. 身體的，體能的，生理的；物理的；實體的，有形的n. 健康檢查Laura has been suffering from constant physical pain.
蘿拉飽受持續不斷的身體病痛。The Law of Gravity is one of the most basic physical laws you should know.
萬有引力定律是你應該知道的最基本物理定律之一。You should have a physical (checkup) regularly.
你應該要定期做健康檢查。A physical ticket is needed to enter the event.
進入這場活動需要實體票券。高中 Level 4●●n. 壓力；壓迫vt. 强迫，迫使Some people do very well under pressure.
有些人在壓力下會表現得非常好。Running puts pressure on your knees.
跑步會對膝蓋造成壓迫。Jenny never gives in to peer pressure.
珍妮從不屈服於同儕的壓力。Eating too much salt can increase your blood pressure.
吃太多鹽會使血壓升高。It seemed that the salesman pressured Gordon into
buying the car.
那推銷員似乎向戈登施壓，要他買那輛車。It seemed that the salesman pressured Gordon to
buy the car.
那推銷員似乎向戈登施壓，要他買那輛車。高中 Level 2●●●●●●●newborn[ˋnju͵bɔrn]a. 新出生的●●●●occupational[͵ɑkjəˋpeʃən!]a. 職業的●●●●Extra Words
●●●n. 事情;麻煩vi. 重要，有關係三態matter / mattered [ˋmætɚd] / mattered [ˋmætɚd]=problem=troubleWe should take care of the matter now.
我們現在就應處理這件事情。
What's the matter with Leo?
里歐發生什麼麻煩了嗎?
What’s the problem with Leo?
里歐發生什麼麻煩了嗎?
What’s wrong with Leo?
里歐發生什麼麻煩了嗎?
Belle isn't my girlfriend. As a matter of fact, she is my wife.
貝兒不是我女朋友。事實上，她是我老婆。
It doesn't matter when he'll come.
他何時來並不重要。
多益棕色英檢初級高中 Level 1●●●n. (重大)議題；爭議；期刊；問題vt. 發行，發佈The issue of sexual discrimination in the office was widely discussed during the meeting.
會議中辦公室性別歧視的議題被廣泛討論。Susan took issue with Peter over who should be responsible for the mistake.
針對誰應對這個錯負責，蘇珊與彼得有所爭論。What is at issue now is when we should deal with the problem.
現在受爭議的問題是，我們應要何時處理這個問題。The latest issue of Vogue magazine featured an interview with Gal Gadot.
最新一期的《時尚》雜誌特刊出蓋兒•加朵的專訪。The government has issued a large number of booklets to explain its new policies.
政府發行很多手冊來解釋它的新政策。多益綠色英檢中級高中 Level 4●●vt. 使擔心；涉及到，關於n. 關心，掛念=worryBecause of the accident, the safety of the MRT concerns many people in this country.
因為這意外，捷運的安全引起許多國人的關切。The email concerns important information, so it must be read.
此電子郵件涉及到很重要的資訊，因此必須閱讀。Your health is my concern, Dad.
老爸，我很擔心你的健康。多益藍色英檢初級高中 Level 2●be expected to V預定做……= be due to V●feel like + S + V感覺好像⋯⋯Gary feels like he is being followed.
蓋瑞感覺好像自己被跟蹤了。●in front of sb/sth在某人、物的前面There was a long lineup in front of the stand.
攤位前方有一條很長的排隊隊伍。
Practical Phrases
●in public公開地(在公開場合)，當眾The basketball star hasn't been seen in public for years.
這名籃球明星好幾年沒公開出現了。David never sings in public because he is too shy.
大衛從來不在公開場合唱歌，因為他太害羞了。●agree upon / on...對⋯⋯取得一致的意見The two countries agreed upon a trade deal.
那兩國一致同意了一個貿易協議。●single... out挑選出……Who do you think will be singled out as the best athlete of the year?
你認為誰會被選為年度最佳運動員？●worry about sb/sth擔心某人 / 某事物The mother worried about her son’s health.
這位母親很擔心她兒子的健康。●ahead of在……的前面There’s a truck ahead of us. Be careful when driving.
我們前面有一輛卡車。開車時要小心。●verbal abuse言語虐待Though verbal abuse leaves no signs of visible harm, some people consider it worse than physical abuse.
言語虐待雖然沒有明顯的傷痕，有些人認為這種虐待卻比身體虐待更嚴重。●result in...引起 / 導致……= contribute to= lead to= give rise toSometimes, hesitation can result in missed opportunities.
有時候，猶豫不決會造成錯失良機。●suffer from...罹患（疾病），飽受（疾病）之苦My father suffers from diabetes.
我爸爸患有糖尿病。Many areas have suffered from the effects of climate change.
許多地區已遭受氣候變遷的影響。●speak to / with sb與某人說話The professor wants to speak to Larry.
教授想和賴瑞說話。●engage in + N/V-ing從事／參與某事The two sides engaged in peace talks.
雙方從事和平談判。I don't usually engage in gossip, as I know it can be harmful to others.
我通常不會參與討論八卦，因為我知道這樣做可能會傷害他人。Students are encouraged to engage in sports after school.
學生被鼓勵在課後從事運動。●be / get involved in..涉入……The evidence shows that Paul is involved in that murder.
證據顯示保羅涉入那起謀殺案。●in practice事實上；實際上= in reality= in factIn practice, Bella realized that the plan required more time and resources than expected.
在實際上，貝拉意識到這項計畫需要的時間與資源比預期更多。●look at...盯著……看Mark enjoys looking at the stars in the sky.
馬克喜歡看著天上的星星。●reply to sth回答 / 覆某事物= in reply to sthHave you replied to Alan’s letter yet?
你回艾倫的信了沒？●be considered (to be) + N/Adj.被視為⋯⋯Dr. Lin is considered to be an expert in his field.
林博士被視為該領域的專家。活動截止2026/07/14 14:00 前購買即享
【June 這樣晉升高級大人！】數位訂閱制結帳再 88 折
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Taipei Times
《台北時報》（Taipei Times）創立於1999年，是台灣最權威的英文報紙！《台北時報》雙語版最優質的中英文內容，多年來亦深受廣大讀者的喜愛。近日起版面全新升級！每週和《常春藤解析英語》……等專業英語機構合作，提供豐富多元且實用的英語學習內容，不但適合各種程度學生及上班族自修，老師、家長用它當教材也超方便。
