



在世界盃八強賽中,英格蘭以 2 比 1 擊敗挪威,但英格蘭追平球前的一次球路變化卻引發爭議。挪威隊認為,足球在半空中可能撞上了支撐攝影機的鋼索,才會突然改變方向。不過,FIFA 表示,智慧足球內的感測器沒有偵測到碰撞訊號,因此沒有證據顯示球曾碰到鋼索。
先讀一段我們根據事件重新撰寫的英文摘要,再從中學會 5 組討論科技、證據與判斷時非常實用的英文。
During a World Cup quarterfinal between England and Norway, a sudden change in the ball’s direction raised questions about England’s equalizing goal. Norway believed that the ball might have hit a wire supporting a stadium camera before falling to an England player. However, the sensor inside the connected ball detected no sign of contact. With no clear evidence that the ball had struck the wire, the goal was allowed to stand.
The incident shows how modern football increasingly relies on sensors, video replays and VAR to review difficult moments. Still, technology does not make every decision on its own. Data can help officials understand what happened, but the referee must make the final call.
在英格蘭與挪威的世界盃八強賽中,足球突然改變方向,使英格蘭的追平球受到質疑。挪威認為,足球可能先撞上支撐場內攝影機的鋼索,之後才落到英格蘭球員附近。
然而,智慧足球內的感測器並未偵測到接觸跡象。由於沒有明確證據證明足球撞上鋼索,該進球最終維持有效。
這場爭議也顯示,現代足球愈來愈仰賴感測器、影像重播與 VAR 協助判斷。不過,科技並不會獨自作出所有決定。資料可以協助裁判了解發生了什麼,但最後仍須由裁判作出判決。
sensor|感測器
sensor 是一種能偵測動作、溫度、光線、壓力或接觸的裝置,為可數名詞。
相關用法
• The lights turn on automatically when the motion sensor detects movement.(當動作感測器偵測到有人移動時,燈就會自動亮起。)
• The temperature sensor sends an alert when the machine gets too hot.(當機器溫度過高時,溫度感測器就會發出警示。)
• My parking sensor did not detect the low wall behind the car.(我的停車感測器沒有偵測到車後方的矮牆。)
evidence|證據
指支持某項說法或結論的資料、跡象或證據。
• There is no clear evidence that the ball touched the wire.(沒有明確證據顯示足球碰到了鋼索。)要特別注意,evidence 是不可數名詞,不能說 an evidence 或 many evidences。正確說法:
some evidence 一些證據
strong evidence 有力的證據
a piece of evidence 一項證據• The video provided strong evidence that the driver was not at fault.(這段影片提供了有力證據,證明駕駛並沒有過失。)
• We should examine the scientific evidence before accepting the claim.(在接受這項說法之前,我們應該先檢視科學證據。)
VAR|影像輔助裁判
VAR 是 video assistant referee 的縮寫,指利用比賽影像與科技資料,協助場上裁判檢查重大判決的制度或裁判團隊。VAR 並不是電腦自行判決,而是提供影像與資料協助裁判判斷。
因此,更精確的說法是:
The referee changed the decision after a VAR review. (裁判在 VAR 檢視後改判。)
而不是:
VAR made the final decision. (VAR 作出了最後決定。)
因為最終判決仍由裁判作出。
相關用法
• The referee stopped the game to check the VAR.(裁判暫停比賽,以查看 VAR 畫面。)
• VAR overturned the original offside decision.(VAR 協助推翻了原本的越位判定。)
• Fans were divided over the controversial VAR decision.(球迷對這項具爭議性的 VAR 判定意見不一。)
① 當某件事「引發質疑」
raise questions about + 名詞
引發對……的質疑
raise questions about something
某件事情讓人產生質疑
這裡的 raise 不是「舉起」,而是「提出、引起」。
② 當影片「看起來好像」發生了某件事
might have + p.p.
可能曾經……
might have + p.p. 是「對過去事實的推測」(對過去發生的事表示不確定),而非一般現在式的推測。
當我們推測過去可能發生了某件事,但沒有辦法完全確定時可以使用。新聞中的爭議事件經常使用 may have 或 might have,避免在證據不足時過早下結論。
③ 當感測器「偵測到或沒有偵測到」
detect 偵測;察覺
detect 表示透過儀器、檢查或觀察,發現不容易直接看見的事物。常見搭配:
④ 當你要說「沒有證據顯示……」
There is no evidence that + 完整句子 / 名詞
detect 表示透過儀器、檢查或觀察,發現不容易直接看見的事物。
「沒有證據證明某件事發生」與「已經證明它沒有發生」並不完全相同。
第一句只是表示「現有資料不足」,語氣比第二句保留更多可能性。
⑤ 當比賽或決定「維持原判」
allow a decision to stand 維持原判
這裡的 stand 不是「站立」,而是表示某個決定、規則或結果「仍然有效」。
它的相反詞是:
overturn a decision 推翻決定;改判
這兩個用法不只適用於運動,也能描述公司、學校或法院作出的決定。
加碼用法:誰來作最後決定?
make the final call 作出最後決定
這裡的 call 不是打電話,而是「判斷、決定」。
它的相反詞是:
overturn a decision 推翻決定;改判
這兩個用法不只適用於運動,也能描述公司、學校或法院作出的決定。
1. raised questions
2. might have
3. detected
4. evidence
5. stand
Raise your hand if you know the answer.
如果知道答案,請舉手。
The landlord raised the rent by 5%.
房東將租金調漲了 5%。
Irene was raised by her grandfather.
艾琳是由她爺爺撫養長大的。
They raised money for the homeless.
他們為遊民募款。
Ted would like to ask for a pay raise.
泰德想要求加薪。
The house was hit by lightning strikes.
這房子遭到雷擊。
The factory workers went on strike for better pay and working conditions.
該工廠工人罷工,要求加薪及改善工作環境。
Karen was so angry that she struck Ralph on the face.
凱倫很生氣,往雷夫臉上打了一拳。
It struck me that it’s Norman’s birthday today.
我突然想起今天是諾曼的生日。
The workers are striking for a raise.
這些工人正在罷工要求加薪。
A strong earthquake struck at midnight.
半夜發生一場強烈地震。
Review the first five lessons before the exam.
考試前要複習前 5 課。
Go over the first five lessons before the exam.
考試前要複習前 5 課。
I have to review for the math exam tomorrow.
我得為明天的數學考試進行複習才行。
I have to do the review for the math exam tomorrow.
我得為明天的數學考試進行複習才行。
The famous writer’s latest novel was reviewed in this weekly magazine.
這週刊有評論這位著名作家最新的小說。
This book has had mixed reviews.
這本書的評論褒貶不一。
The report claimed that three hostages had been killed.
該報導聲稱有 3 名人質已經遇害。
Connie should claim her money back because the painting is a fake.
康妮應該把錢要回來,因為這幅畫是贋品。
Go over there to claim your luggage.
到那邊去領取你的行李。
The flood claimed twenty lives.
這場洪水奪走了 20 條人命。
The mayor rejected the claim that he had received bribes.
市長否認了他收賄的這種說法。
Three tribes lay claim to this land.
有 3 個部落聲稱擁有這片土地。
During the burglary, many of the desks and shelves in the office had been
overturned.
辦公室被入門盜竊期間,許多桌子和架子都被翻倒了。
Amy overturned a bottle of milk by accident.
艾咪不小心打翻了一瓶牛奶。
The convict s life sentence was overturned by the Supreme Court.
該囚犯的無期徒刑在最高法院被推翻了。
Be careful. Don’t drop the vase.
小心。別讓花瓶掉下來。
Stock prices dropped sharply in Asia yesterday.
昨天亞洲的股價劇烈下跌。
Ken dropped by to see me this morning.
肯今早順道來拜訪我。
I dropped in on Stacey on my way home.
我回家途中順便去看史黛西。
Drop me a line if you can.
可以的話,寫信給我。
A drop of sweat ran down Harry’s forehead.
一滴汗珠從哈利的額頭流下來。
There was a sudden drop in temperature last night.
昨晚氣溫驟降。
I made an attempt to warn Peter of the dangers of the task, but he just wouldn’t listen.
我試著警告彼得該任務的危險性,但他根本聽不進去。
I attempted to warn Peter of the dangers of the task, but he just wouldn’t listen.
我試著警告彼得該任務的危險性,但他根本聽不進去。
In an attempt to beat the traffic, many people hit the road earlier.
為了避免交通擁擠,許多人提早上路。
Stop making complaints about life and learn to appreciate what you have.
別再抱怨人生,學習感激你現有的一切。
Stop complaining about life and learn to appreciate what you have.
別再抱怨人生,學習感激你現有的一切。
We've received a lot of customer complaints about our new products lately.
最近我們收到許多客戶對我們新產品的投訴。
What's your complaint?
您哪裡不舒服?
The lawyer submitted a complaint to the court on behalf of his client.
這位律師代表當事人向法院提交了一份訴狀。
I'm sure this program will appeal to children of all ages.
我相信這個節目一定可以吸引各年齡層的小朋友。
The police are appealing to the public for any information about the robbery.
警方懇請大眾提供與搶案相關的任何訊息。
Not satisfied with the judge's decision, Gary is planning to appeal to a higher court.
蓋瑞對法官的判決不滿,計劃要上訴到高等法院。
The new variety show has a wide appeal.
這個新的綜藝節目非常吸引人。
I sent an appeal to the board, asking for extra funding.
我向董事會提出請求,希望可以得到額外補助金。
The victim's family made a public appeal for help to catch the murderer.
受難者家屬公開訴求希望協助逮捕殺人兇手。
The new design has strong appeal for young people.
這個新設計對年輕人有很大的吸引力。
Dad bought a piece of land near my school.
爸爸在我學校附近買了一塊地。
No one was at fault in the accident.
這次的意外誰都沒有錯。
I’m sorry, but you’ll have to make a decision quickly.
很抱歉,但你必須趕快做決定。
Can you give me a piece of advice?
你可以給我一個建議嗎?
If Larry hadn't run upstairs to save his dog, he might have been one of the survivors.
要是賴瑞當時沒衝上樓去救他的狗,他可能會是其中一名倖存者。
A happy marriage relies on mutual trust.
幸福的婚姻端賴互相信任。
I trust Steve very much. I know he is a man I can always rely on.
我很信任史提夫。我知道他是一個可信賴的人。
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