



(Photo by Karolina Grabowska from Pexels)
根據《Forbes》(富比士)報導,雖然過去一年全球遭逢新冠疫情的衝擊,但隨著股市飆漲,美國前400大富豪的資產大幅增加40%;許多億萬富豪的身家「屢創新高」,但在慈善方面的「慷慨程度」似乎遠趕不上不斷飆漲的資產。
為了解富豪們的捐贈程度,富比士進行《2021 富比士慈善指數》調查,並依照計算方式將捐款程度分為 5 等評分,捐贈低於1% 評分為一 分,20% 以上則為五分。其中將近有160人獲得一分,但令人意外的是,全球熟知的大企業家如Tesla的CEO Elon musk以及連續四年榮登Forbes全球富豪榜首的Amazon創辦人Jeff Bezos,在過去1年間捐出不到1%的資產給慈善事業,雙雙入選「2021 富比士最吝嗇億萬富豪排行榜」。本次就讓我們來從「小氣富豪」的相關報導學英文吧!
foundation基金會、基礎
Thanks to a soaring stock market, the cumulative wealth of The Forbes 400 richest Americans on the 2021 list grew 40%, to an unprecedented $4.5 trillion. But the generosity of these U.S. billionaires hasn’t kept pace with the stock market’s enormous gains.(The Forbes Philanthropy Score 2021, Forbes)
(拜股市飆漲之賜,富比世排行榜上最富有的400位美國人的累積財富在2021年成長了40%,達到史無前例的4.5兆美金。但是這些美國億萬富翁們的慷慨程度並沒有趕上他們在股市的龐大獲利。)
cumulative是「累積的;組合的」cumulate 是動詞,但經常以cumulative的形式出現在文章以及多益測驗中。
According to Africa CDC, South Africa has the highest number of cumulative Covid-19 cases on the continent.
(根據非洲疾病預防控制中心的數據,南非是非洲大陸累計 Covid-19 病例數最多的國家。)
keep pace with _____「跟上 _____的速度或步調;並駕齊驅」pace (n)「步調」是常見的單字,通常用於描述生活步調很快(fast-paced)。
The supply of vaccines can’t keep pace with the demand.
(疫苗的供應無法跟上需求。)
generous「慷慨的」相似字有giving、big-hearted;較難的單字magnanimous (adj) 也是「慷慨大方」的意思,字根「magn-」有large「大」的意思,其他含有這個字根的單字如magnify (v)「放大」、magnificent (adj)「壯麗的;很棒的」。
許多富豪也有自己私人的慈善基金會(foundation) ,如比爾蓋茲與前妻共同擁有的Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,foundation也可解釋為「基礎;地基;根據」。
They established a foundation for environmental protection and conservation.
(他們設立了一個環境保護的基金會。)
此外,他們也會將財產捐獻給其他慈善機構(charitable organization),慈善的名詞為 charity,形容詞則為charitable。
The company has decided to donate 10% of the weekend sales to a local charitable organization.
(這間公司已經決定將周末銷售額的10%捐給當地的慈善機構。)
另外,「慈善」也可用philanthropy (n)來形容,形容詞是philanthropic,「慈善家」則為philanthropist。
Although Bill and Melinda Gates announced their divorce this year, their philanthropic work and foundation continue.
(儘管蓋茲夫婦宣布結束婚姻,但他們的慈善工作和基金會仍會繼續。)
根據Forbes的排行顯示,400 位億萬富豪中,僅有八位獲得五分,也就是捐款超過個人財富20%以上,這些慷慨的富豪包括股神巴菲特、金融投資大師索羅斯等人。
吝嗇、小氣的多種說法
Not every billionaire has been a pandemic penny pincher, though. Warren Buffett is still the list’s biggest giver after donating $4.1 billion worth of Berkshire Hathaway stock in June, helping bring his total lifetime giving to $44 billion. (The Forbes Philanthropy Score 2021, Forbes)
(並不是每位億萬富翁都是疫情下的小氣鬼。巴菲特在六月時捐了價值約$44億美元的波克夏股票,仍是捐款最多的人,目前他的捐款總已達到$440億美元。)
donate (v)「捐贈」,名詞為donation (n),
「捐贈者」是 donor (n),同意字有giver。
Donations flooded in after people learned of the destruction caused by the earthquake.
(在人們聽到地震帶來的損害後,捐款如潮水般湧來。)
而和「慷慨行善」相反的就是文章中所用的penny pincher「吝嗇鬼」,pinch (v)本身有「捏、掐」的意思,所以可想而知就是每分錢都要「緊握、捏住」的人;此外也可用miser (n)、tightwad (n)甚至是scrooge來描述「小氣的人」。有趣的是,Scrooge就是電影《小氣財神》的名稱。
Jim is such a tightwad that he rarely takes his family out for dinner.
(Jim很小氣,他很少帶他家人出去吃晚餐。)
「吝嗇的」一詞在日常生活中也常用cheap、stingy或 miserly來形容。
The company’s miserly owner is reluctant to update the office equipment.
(公司吝嗇的老闆不願更新辦公室設備。)
值得一提的是,Jeff Bezos已連續兩年獲得一分,但他曾承諾,為對抗氣候變遷,將在2030 年前捐贈 100 億美元;然而,至今他的捐款總額為 8.65 億美元,似乎距離目標還有一大段差距。有趣的是,Jeff Bezos的前妻MacKenzie Scott自去年累積至今,捐款金額已超過80億元,捐款速度屢次登上熱搜,可見富豪們捐款的程度大不相同。
【多益模擬試題】
1. Our city’s theater and museum will be the _________ of the millionaire’s donation.
(A) donors
(B) benefactors
(C) beneficiaries
(D) philanthropists
2. _______ his busy schedule, Mary still volunteers in a charitable foundation and organizes an annual food drive on Thanksgiving.
(A) Because
(B) Although
(C) Therefore
(D) Despite
解析:
1. 正解(C)。本題為單字題,要選出符合句意「我們城市的劇院和博物館將成為百萬富翁捐款的受益者」的單字。(A) 捐助者、(B)恩人,捐助者、(D)慈善家。故(C) 為正解。
2. 正解(D)。語意為「儘管工作繁忙,Mary仍然在慈善基金會當志工,並組織每年感恩節的食物捐贈活動。」本題是文法題和語意的綜合題,要找出符合語意的副詞。(A)因為, (C) 所以,兩者皆不符句意;(B)和(D)都可解釋為「雖然、儘管」,但是although 後面需要加上子句,故(D)為正解。
文/徐碧霞Valerie
First the workers laid the foundation. Then they built the walls.
首先工人們打好地基,然後把牆砌起來。
George’s good command of English laid a solid foundation for his success as a businessman.
喬治流利的英文為做為一名成功的商人奠下紮實的基礎。
The foundation of the university took place fifty years ago.
這所大學創立於 50 年前。
My aunt works for the Save the Children Foundation.
我阿姨在《救助兒童基金會》工作。
According to the news, the pop singer’s personal wealth is about US$80 million.
據報導,這流行歌手的個人財富約為 8 千萬美元。
The writer likes to travel because he believes it can provide him with a wealth of material for his writing.
這位作家喜歡旅行,因為他相信旅行可提供他很多寫作的素材。
Despite water rationing, the large water tank can supply the residents with the water they need.
儘管有限水,大型水塔仍可為住戶提供用水。
There is a lack of medical supplies in the refugee camp.
這難民營缺乏醫療用品。
In the Middle East, there is a plentiful supply of cheap natural gas.
在中東,廉價天然氣供應充足。
The teacher demands that his students (should) be quiet when he speaks.
老師要求學生在他講話時要保持安靜。
The firm does all it can to meet its customers’demands.
這家公司盡其所能以達到顧客的需求。
Good software engineers are in great demand these days.
這年頭需要大量優秀的軟體工程師。
We have a lot of free pamphlets on demand.
我們有很多免費小冊子備索。
Mr. Burns told the students that the microscope can magnify an object up to 10 times its original size.
伯恩斯先生告訴學生,顯微鏡可以將物體放大至 10 倍。
Without any curtains, furniture, or rugs in the room, the bare walls magnified echoes.
房裡沒有窗簾、傢俱或地毯,光禿禿的牆壁讓回音很大聲。
Mr. and Mrs. Smith donated one million dollars to a local charity.
史密斯夫婦捐了 100 萬美元給當地的慈善機構。
People lined up to donate blood which would be sent to soldiers overseas.
民眾排隊捐要給海外士兵的血。
The charity asked people to donate to help the victims of the natural disaster in South America.
該慈善機構請大家捐助,以幫助南美洲的天災受難者。
Believing that he could not live in harmony with his wife any longer, Larry finally divorced her.
賴瑞認為他無法繼續和他老婆和平共處,所以最後和她離婚。
It is rumored that Harry and Abby are going to divorce.
謠傳哈利和艾比要離婚了。
Brad and Jennifer’s marriage ended in divorce.
布萊德和珍妮佛的婚姻最後以離婚收場。
Despite the blackout, the baseball game continued.
儘管停電了,棒球比賽依舊繼續進行。
Although it started to rain, Dennis continued jogging.
雖然開始下雨了,丹尼斯還是繼續在慢跑。
Although it started to rain, Dennis continued to jog.
雖然開始下雨了,丹尼斯還是繼續在慢跑。
Although it started to rain, Dennis continued jogging.
雖然開始下雨了,丹尼斯還是繼續在慢跑。
The flood ruined hundreds of houses and claimed twenty lives.
這場水災毀了好幾百棟房舍,奪走了二十條人命。
A flood of vehicles congests the streets of downtown at rush hour.
大批車輛在交通尖峰時刻塞爆了市中心的街道。
The storm left the whole area flooded.
暴風雨使整個地區都淹水了。
The area flooded often, so most residents moved out.
這個地區經常淹水,所以居民大多搬走了。
The TV station was flooded with emails after the interview.
那個訪談播出後,電視臺收到如潮水般湧來的電子郵件。
Ron’s carelessness caused the accident.
榮恩的粗心大意釀成了這起意外。
The sad movie caused me to cry.
那部傷感的電影讓我哭了出來。
The sad movie made me cry.
那部傷感的電影讓我哭了出來。
What was the cause of the explosion?
那起爆炸的原因是什麼?
The concert was terrific―I had no cause for complaint.
音樂會精彩極了 — 我沒有理由可以抱怨。
The flood caused damage to dozens of homes, and many people were left homeless.
那場洪水造成數十間房屋損毀,許多人落得無家可歸。
Thanks to the new treatment, the patient's condition has improved.
幸虧有新的療法,這位病人的情況已經好轉。
Reading newspapers enables you to keep pace with the times.
閱讀報紙能使你跟上時代的步伐。
According to the victim, the robber is a lefthanded man.
根據受害者的說法,竊賊是一名左撇子的男子。
We should lay emphasis on the importance of environmental protection.
我們應要強調環保的重要性。
We’ve decided to change the plan.
我們已決定要改變計畫。
I knew there was something the matter with Dylan, but he was reluctant to tell me the truth.
我知道狄倫出事了,不過他不願把真相告訴我。
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