因此,要避免倖存者偏差,我們需要對不同的交易策略進行通盤研究,包括成功和失敗的策略,以適應市場的變化並降低風險,且市場屬於一個龐大的賽局,當大家都在用成功的策略時,也有可能會變成失敗的策略(since the market is a vast game, when everyone is using successful strategies, they may also become unsuccessful strategies.)。
理解倖存者偏差對於 風險管理 十分地重要,當我們僅關注成功的交易、存活下來的交易者策略時,我們可能忽視了市場的波動性和風險,並低估失敗的可能性(When we only focus on successful trades and surviving traders' strategies, we may overlook market volatility and risk, and underestimate the possibility of failure.)。
Due tosurvivorship bias, people often overestimate the success rate of entrepreneurs because they only hear about the success stories and not the failures.(由於倖存者偏差,人們往往會高估企業家的成功率,因為他們只聽到成功的故事,而忽略了失敗的故事。)
Confirmation bias is a commoncognitivebias where people tend toseek outinformation that confirms their existingbeliefs.(確認偏誤是一種常見的認知偏差,人們傾向於尋找證實他們現有信念的信息。)
Before making a decision, it is important to conductcomprehensiveresearch to gather all necessaryinformation.(在做出決定之前,進行全面的研究以收集所有必要的信息是很重要的。)
Experienced traders often develop their own uniquetradingstrategies based on their analysis of market trends.(經驗豐富的交易者通常根據對市場趨勢的分析制定自己獨特的交易策略。)
Investors should be prepared to navigate through periods of market volatility by diversifying their portfolios and implementing risk management strategies.(高市場波動性可能導致資產價格出現顯著波動,很難預測市場走勢。)
failure cases失敗案例 failure rates失敗率 rush into entrepreneurship爭先恐後投入創業的行列 the halo of survivors倖存者光環
Learning from failure cases is essential forpersonal and professionalgrowth.(分析失敗案例可以為我們提供寶貴的見解,了解哪裡出了問題,以及未來如何避免類似的錯誤。)
The failure rates of new product launcheshighlight the need for thorough market research and testing before bringing products to market.(新產品推出的失敗率突顯了在將產品推向市場之前進行徹底的市場研究和測試的必要性。)
It's important to avoidrushing into entrepreneurship and instead take the time to develop a solid business plan and acquirenecessaryskills.(許多人在未意識到經營企業所帶來的挑戰和責任之前便急於創業。)
It's important to look beyond the halo of survivors and recognize the hard work, perseverance, and failures that may have contributed to their success.(媒體常常吹捧成功企業家的成就,形成一種生存者的光環,這可能會影響有志創業者。)
【用興趣學英文。把英文變興趣】Turn English into your interest!!
✔ 僅支援線上刷卡,付款成功後立即開通功能權限。恕不提供退貨服務,請務必確認您已了解訂閱制服務後再進行訂購。
✔ 結帳可享「熊贈點 (查詢)」或「折價券(查詢)」折抵二擇一。
✔ 以低於 3 折加購嚴選好書。
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●
bias
[ˋbaɪəs]
vt. 使有偏見
n. 偏見
=
prejudice
It is clear that this company has a strong bias against women.
這家公司顯然對女性存有強烈的偏見。
Female employees often fall victim to gender bias in the workplace.
女性員工在職場上常會受到性別偏見所害。
Weeks of negative news coverage before the trial had biased the public against the defendant.
審判前好幾週的負面新聞報導讓大眾對被告懷有成見。
多益金色
英檢中高
高中 Level 5
●
vast
[væst]
a. 廣闊的;巨大的
=
large
=
huge
=
immense
=
big
A vast number of students attended the rally.
有好多學生參加這次的集會遊行。
This university has a vast library.
這所大學裡有間大圖書館。
多益藍色
英檢中級
高中 Level 4
●
strategy
[ˋstrætədʒɪ]
n. 策略,謀略
We’re working on new marketing strategies for the product.
我們正在為這項產品研擬新的行銷策略。
多益藍色
英檢中級
高中 Level 3
●
overlook
[͵ovɚˋlʊk]
vt. 忽略;俯瞰
Do not overlook the rules of grammar when writing an English essay.
寫英文文章時,不要忽略文法規則。
Our house is located on a hilltop overlooking the valley.
我們家就座落在小山頂上,可以俯瞰山谷。
多益藍色
英檢中級
高中 Level 4
●
underestimate
[ˋʌndɚˋɛstə͵met]
vt. . & n. 低估
The influence of gossip on decision-making should
not be underestimated.
流言對決策的影響不應被低估。
The jeweler said the ring was worth about US$500,
but Bill insists that is an underestimate.
這珠寶商說這枚戒指價值約 500 美元,但比爾堅持說這價
值被低估了。
高中 Level 6
●
possibility
[͵pɑsəˋbɪlətɪ]
n. 可能性
People in that country were worried about the possibility of another terrorist attack.
那一國人民擔心可能會發生另一起恐怖攻擊。
高中 Level 2
●
failure
[ˋfeljɚ]
n. 失敗(不可數);失敗的人 / 事(可數)
=
fail
Failure is the mother of success. 失敗為成功之母。— 諺語
The party turned out to be a complete failure.
這次派對辦得完全失敗。
There was a power failure throughout the whole city.
整個城市都停電了。
高中 Level 2
●
cognitive
[ˋkɑgnətɪv]
adj. 認知的
The disease did not affect the patient’s cognitive ability at all; he was still able to think logically.
該疾病一點都沒有影響到這名病人的認知能力,他還是能夠有邏輯地思考。
高中 Level 5
●
entrepreneur
[͵ɑntrəprəˋnɝ]
n. 企業家
=
businessman
The entrepreneur started his own business selling beauty products.
這名企業家自行創業販賣美容產品。
英檢中高
高中 Level 5
●
hear of / about...
聽說有關......的事
Have you heard aboutCole s promotion?
你有沒有聽說柯爾升遷了?
高中 Level 1
●
common
[ˋkɑmən]
n. 公用地
adj. 普通的;共同的
=
ordinary
Earthquakes are common in this part of the world.
在地球的這一帶,地震可說是司空見慣。
We had a common goal, so we decided to work together.
我們有共同的目標,所以決定要一起合作。
Even though we are twins, we have very little in common with each other.
雖然我們是雙胞胎,彼此的共同點卻很少。
多益綠色
英檢初級
高中 Level 1
●
confirmation
[͵kɑnfɚˋmeʃən]
n. 確認(函)
The confirmation of the legendary player's participation in the charity game was shocking.
那位傳奇球員確認會參與該場公益賽,令人為之震驚。
●
confirm
[kənˋfɝm]
vt. 確認;證實
=
verify
I would like to confirm my dinner reservation.
我想要確認晚餐的訂位資料。
The police confirmed that the man was murdered.
警方證實這名男子是被謀殺的。
多益綠色
英檢初級
高中 Level 3
●
existing
[ɪgˋzɪstɪŋ]
adj. 現行的,現有的
The existing law needs to be changed. 現行的法律需要修訂。
多益藍色
英檢中高
●
belief
[bɪˋlif]
n. 相信;信仰;信念,堅定的看法
Small children often have a belief in Santa Claus.
小孩子通常都相信有聖誕老公公。
Randy doesn’t eat any meat or seafood because of
his religious beliefs.
由於藍迪的宗教信仰,他並不吃任何肉類或海鮮。
It is my belief that Kate will succeed in the near future.
我相信不久的將來凱特會成功。
高中 Level 2
●
comprehensive
[͵kɑmprɪˋhɛnsɪv]
a. . 廣泛的,詳盡的,全面的
=
complete
=
thorough
Our team is now conducting a comprehensive study
on the effects of global warming.
我們小組正在對全球暖化的影響做全面性的研究。
Since Terry had bought comprehensive insurance,
he didn’t have to pay to get his car fixed after the
accident.
由於泰瑞已經買了綜合保險,因此在那事故發生後,他修車
不必付錢。
多益金色
英檢中高
高中 Level 6
●
research
[ˈrisɝtʃ]
n. 研究;調查(不可數)
Scientists are still conducting research on global warming.
科學家仍在進行全球暖化的研究。
多益綠色
高中 Level 4
●
trading
[ˋtredɪŋ]
n. 貿易,買賣
Our company has a long history of trading with Canada.
我們公司對加拿大的貿易歷史悠久。
英檢初級
●
conduct
[kənˋdʌkt]
vt. 處理;指揮(樂團)
Police have conducted an investigation into the case.
警方已就該案件進行調查。
The local orchestra was conducted by my piano teacher, Mr. Evans.
本地的管絃樂團是由我的鋼琴老師艾文斯先生擔任指揮。
多益金色
英檢中級
高中 Level 5
●
gather
[ˋgæðɚ]
vi. 聚集
vt. 蒐集;猜想,推測,理解,認為
=
collect
We need to gather information about the situation before taking action.
我們採取行動之前,得先蒐集相關情況的資訊。
A lot of students are gathering there for a big anti-war rally.
很多學生正聚集在那裡準備參加一場大型的反戰集會活動。
I gather he's away the following week.
在下週找個時間吧。我了解他下下週不在。
多益藍色
英檢初級
高中 Level 2
●
necessary
[ˋnɛsə͵sɛrɪ]
adj. 必要的
It is necessary for you to punch in by eight o’clock every morning.
你每天早上一定要在 8 點前打卡上班。
多益綠色
英檢初級
高中 Level 2
●
information
[͵ɪnfɚˋmeʃən]
n. 消息,資料
Thank you for giving us all the information we need.
謝謝你提供我們一切想要的資訊。
John is a mine of information about music.
約翰是個音樂通。
高中 Level 3
●
experienced
[ɪkˋspɪrɪənst]
a. 有經驗的,老練的
Katie is very experienced in marketing.
凱蒂在行銷方面很有經驗。
多益綠色
英檢中高
高中 Level 1
●
trader
[ˋtredɚ]
n. 交易商,業者
Jane’s husband is a diamond trader.
阿珍的老公是鑽石商人。
高中 Level 3
●
develop
[dɪˋvɛləp]
vi. & vt. (使)發展
The mistake was ignored and later developed into a major problem.
這錯誤被忽略,後來就演變成一個大問題。
In this class, you can develop your writing skills.
在這門課裡,你可以提高寫作技巧。
多益綠色
英檢初級
高中 Level 2
●
unique
[juˋnik]
a. 與眾不同的;獨有的
Every person’s fingerprints are unique. No two people’s are alike.
每個人的指紋都是獨一無二的。沒有人是相同的。
Kiwi birds are unique to New Zealand. Nowhere else can you find them.
鷸鴕為紐西蘭所獨有,其他地方都找不到。
多益藍色
英檢初級
高中 Level 3
●
analysis
[əˋnæləsɪs]
n. 分析(單數形)
Our final analysis is that your wife’s health is perfectly normal.
我們最後的分析結果是夫人的健康狀況一切正常。
多益藍色
英檢中級
高中 Level 4
●
investor
[ɪnˋvɛstɚ]
n. 投資者
The government will offer tax incentives to attract more foreign investors.
政府將提供租稅優惠鼓勵措施以吸引外國的投資者。
高中 Level 4
●
navigate
[ˋnævə͵get]
vt. & vi. . 導航(船、飛機、車等),確定(船、飛機、車等的)路線
The captain navigated his ship through the rough
waters during the storm.
船長引領船隻駛過暴風雨中驚濤駭浪的海域。
The equipment is used to help sailors navigate,
especially during foggy conditions when it is difficult
to see.
這設備是用來協助船員確定航行方向的,特別是在有霧的時
候,此時視線並不佳。
英檢中高
高中 Level 6
●
diversify
[daɪˋvɝsə͵faɪ]
vt. & vi. . 使多樣化
To reduce the risk of losing money, you should diversify your investments.
為了減低金錢損失的風險,你應將投資多樣化。
高中 Level 6
●
portfolio
[pɔrtˋfolɪ͵o]
n. 公事包;(藝術家的)作品集;投資組合
Janet put her artwork in a portfolio and carried it with her to the job interview.
珍妮特把她的藝術作品放進公事包裡,帶著它去工作面試。
The photographer’s portfolio contained photos from all over the world, including the war zones of Iraq and Afghanistan.
這名攝影師的作品集裡含有在世界各地拍攝的照片,包括伊拉克和阿富汗的戰區。
The financial advisor told his client to make sure to include some energy stocks in his portfolio.
該理財顧問告訴他的客戶務必在他的投資組合中包含一些能源股。
英檢中高
高中 Level 5
●
survivor
[sɚˋvaɪvɚ]
n. 生還者
No survivors were found in this airplane crash.
這起空難無任何生還者。
高中 Level 3
●
personal
[ˋpɝsn!]
adj. 私人的,個人的;親自的、親密的
My personal belongings on the table were all gone when I returned from the restroom.
我從廁所回來時,我桌上的私人物品全都不見了。
The chairman will make a personal appearance on TV.
主席將親自在電視中露面。
Having conversations through emails is neither personal nor effective.
透過電子郵件進行對話既不親密也不有效。
多益綠色
英檢初級
高中 Level 2
●
professional
[prəˋfɛʃən!]
n. & a. 專家;職業選手
a. 專業的,職業的
Though Mr. Bagnell was once a professional TV comedian, he is now a politician in California.
巴格諾先生曾是職業的電視諧星,不過現在卻成了加州的政治人物。
I’m a professional. It won’t take me long to fix your computer.
我是專家。修理你的電腦我兩三下就搞定了。
高中 Level 4
●
growth
[groθ]
n. 成長,生長
=
grow
There has been a steady growth in Amber’s business over the past 10 years.
266 過去 10 年來,安柏的事業一直穩定成長。
多益藍色
英檢初級
高中 Level 2
●
launch
[lɔntʃ]
.vt. 發動(活動);發射(火箭、飛彈);發表(新書、新作品、新產品)
n. 發表會;(船)首次下水出航;(火箭)首次發射升空
三態
launched / launched
=
fire
To launch a legal demonstration, you must first obtain permission from the local government.
想要發起合法遊行,你們得先向地方政府申請許可。
The space shuttle exploded soon after it was launched.
太空梭發射不久後便爆炸了。
The troops launched missiles at the battleground, causing heavy casualties.
軍隊朝戰場發射了幾枚飛彈,造成嚴重的傷亡。
Emma plans to launch her new novel next year.
艾瑪計劃在明年推出新的小說。
The author herself will show up at the book launch ceremony.
作家本人會在她的新書發表會上現身。
The astronauts were strapped in before the launch.
太空人在火箭發射前繫好安全帶。
多益藍色
英檢中級
高中 Level 4
●
highlight
[ˋhaɪ͵laɪt]
n. 最精彩的部分
vt. 突顯,強調
=
emphasize
Our stay in Paris was certainly the highlight of our trip.
我們在巴黎停留的期間絕對是此行最精彩的部分。
You should highlight your work experience in the resume.
你應該在履歷表中突顯你的工作經驗。
多益藍色
英檢中高
高中 Level 5
●
avoid
[əˋvɔɪd]
vt. 避免;避開
Avoid cutting in while people are talking.
人家在講話時,要避免插嘴。
Unless you avoid the city center, it will take you hours to get there.
除非你避開市中心,否則得花上好幾個小時才能到那裡。
多益綠色
英檢初級
高中 Level 2
●
instead
[ɪnˋstɛd]
adv. 作為替代,反而
Rick doesn’t want a cake. Instead, he wants a pizza.
瑞克不想要蛋糕,而是想要披薩。
Instead of chicken, I’d like to have fish for dinner.
我晚餐不想吃雞肉而想吃魚肉。
Some say that happiness, instead of working hard, is the key to success.
296 有人說快樂,而非努力,才是成功的祕訣。
Some say that happiness, rather than working hard, is the key to success.
296 有人說快樂,而非努力,才是成功的祕訣。
高中 Level 2
●
solid
[ˋsɑlɪd]
a. 固體的;堅固的
n. 固體
=
liquid
=
gas
The water froze into a solid block of ice.
水凝結成一團冰塊。
The desk is made of solid wood.
這張桌子是用堅固的木頭製成的。
Wood is a solid while water is a liquid.
木頭是固體,水則是液體。
多益藍色
英檢中級
高中 Level 3
●
acquire
[əˋkwaɪr]
vt. 獲得
David acquired the skills needed to become a surgeon.
大衛習得了當外科醫生所必備的技術。
多益藍色
英檢中級
高中 Level 4
●
skill
[ˋskɪl]
n. 技巧,技能
=
expertise
Sam plays the piano with great skill.
山姆彈鋼琴的技巧非常好。
I envy Cindy’s skill in painting!
我好羨慕辛蒂的畫功!
多益綠色
英檢初級
高中 Level 2
●
recognize
[ˋrɛkəg͵naɪz]
vt. 認出;承認,認可
After being separated for twenty years, Jack cannot recognize his daughter.
失散 20 年後,傑克認不出他的女兒來了。
Professor Rollins is recognized as one of the best educators in the country.
羅林斯教授是該國公認為最優秀的教育家之一。
多益綠色
英檢中級
高中 Level 3
●
perseverance
[͵pɝsəˋvɪrəns]
n. . 毅力
Ned always shows great perseverance in the face
of difficulty.
奈德面對困難時總是展現出堅強的毅力。
多益金色
英檢中高
高中 Level 6
Practical Phrases
●
focus... on N/V-ing
專注於…… 將⋯⋯集中在⋯⋯
Don't bother Al. He is focused on his work.
別打擾艾爾。他正專心工作。
●
due to + N/V-ing
因為……;由於……
= because of...
Jim was absent from work yesterday due to illness.
吉姆昨天因生病而沒來上班。
●
tend to V
容易......;有……的傾向
= be prone to
= be prone to V
= be inclined to V
= be likely to V
We tend to take natural resources for granted nowadays.
現今,我們往往將自然資源視為理所當然。
●
seek out
尋求/尋找⋯⋯
If the storm doesn't stop, we will have to seek out a place to stay for the night.
如果暴風雨不停,我們就得找個地方過夜。
●
make a decision
做決定
I’m sorry, but you’ll have to make a decision quickly.
很抱歉,但你必須趕快做決定。
●
a period of + 時間
一段……時間
I’m going to stay here for a long period of time.
我將在這裡待上一段很長的時間。
●
rush into...
衝進……
Everyone rushed into the street when a fire broke out.
失火時,所有人全都衝到街上。
●
learn from...
從......中學習
You should learn fromyour mistakes.
你應從錯誤中學習。
●
be essential for
對⋯⋯至關重要
The information we have is essential for the final outcome of the report.
我們擁有的資料對報告的最後結果很重要。
●
hard work
努力(視作名詞)
●
contribute to N/V-ing
促成/有助於⋯⋯
= result in
= give rise to
Clear communication among team members contributes to the success of a project.
團隊成員之間的清楚溝通有助於專案的成功。