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✶你在冬天總是與靜電特別來「電」? The Shocking Truth about Static Electricity

The Shocking Truth about Static Electricity

作者 Brian Foden

閱讀時間 9分鐘

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你在冬天總是與靜電特別來「電」? The Shocking Truth about Static Electricity

乾燥的皮膚也可能導致靜電，所以保持皮膚溼潤也可以減少靜電電荷累積的可能性。

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目錄 /

More to Learn

中文翻譯(& 答案)

科普園地

Have you ever taken off a sweater and felt a surprising shock? That’s static electricity, the buildup of an electric charge. It occurs when two items rub against each other, and electrons are transferred from one thing or person to another. If an object has an excess of electrons, it becomes negatively charged. On the other hand, when something has a lack of electrons, it naturally becomes positively charged. Opposite charges attract, so when a negatively charged object comes into contact with a positively charged one, the electrons will flow from the negative object to the positive one until the charges are balanced.

When the human body carries an excessive positive charge, it is more prone to generate static electricity. This flow of electrons causes the spark or shock that you feel when you touch a metal object after walking across a carpeted floor with socks on, for example. What’s more, static electricity is more common in the winter than in the summer. This is because the air is typically drier in the winter, and dry air doesn’t conduct electricity as well as moist air. Hence, it’s easier for static charges to accumulate on objects.

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Although static electricity is usually harmless, it can be annoying and sometimes even painful. There are a few things you can do to minimize static electricity. One effective way involves using a humidifier to add moisture to the air, which increases the humidity in your home and helps prevent static electricity from building up. In addition, since dry skin can also contribute to static electricity, keeping your skin moisturized can also make the buildup of static charges less likely.

1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

(A) Static charges can occasionally cause discomfort.

(B) Preventing the skin from dryness can help reduce static electricity.

(D) There are no known methods to combat the phenomenon of static electricity.

2. Why does static electricity occur more in the winter?

(A) There is more rain in the winter.

(B) The air has a lower level of humidity.

(D) Opposite charges attract each other more easily.

3.Which of the following flows of particles is correct about the occurrence of static electricity?

答案: 1.D 2.B 3.B

單字片語整理

Words in Use

●

static

[ˋstætɪk]

a. . 停滯不動的；靜電的

●

charge

[tʃɑrdʒ]

vt. & vi. 收費；將（某物）充電

vt. 控訴

n. 收費；控訴；負責

●

transfer

[trænsˋfɝ]

.vt. & vi. 調離；移轉

n. 調任

轉帳

●

excess

[ɪkˋsɛs]

n. . 過量

a. 過多的

●

generate

[ˋdʒɛnə͵ret]

vt. 產生（光、電、熱）；造成，引起；創造

●

spark

[spɑrk]

n. 小火花

vt. 激發，引發

vi. 冒火花

●

conduct

[kənˋdʌkt]

vt. 處理；指揮（樂團）

●

accumulate

[əˋkjumjə͵let]

vt. & vi. . 累積

●

minimize

[ˋmɪnə͵maɪz]

vt. 使降到最低 ; 輕描淡寫

●

humidity

[hjuˋmɪdətɪ]

n. 溼氣，溼度

●

moisturize

[ˋmɔɪstʃə͵raɪz]

vi. 使濕潤

●

combat

[ˋkɑmbæt]

n. 戰鬥

vt. 打擊

●

shock

[ʃɑk]

vt. 震驚

n. 震驚；觸電

●

buildup

[ˋbɪld͵ʌp]

n. 累積

●

humidifier

[hjuˋmɪdə͵faɪɚ]

n. 加溼器

●

particle

[ˋpɑrtɪk!]

n. 微粒；粒子

Practical Phrases

●

rub(...) against...

（把⋯⋯）在⋯⋯上摩擦

The branches were swaying and rubbing against each other in the wind.
那些樹枝在風中搖曳，相互摩挲著。

The boy rubbed his wet hands against his pants.
那名男孩在自己的長褲上抹了抹濕濕的手。

●

come into / in contact with...

接觸到……，碰到……

Because Jerry is a waiter, he comes into contact with people from all walks of life every day.
因為傑瑞是服務生，他每天都能接觸到各行各業的人。

●

be prone to + N/V-ing

可能……

= be liable to

●

build up... / build... up

增強、鍛鍊；堆積……

= pile up...

= amass...

I need to do more exercise to build up my muscles.
我需要多做運動來鍛鍊我的肌肉。

Without regular exercise, fat can build up in the body.
如果不經常運動，脂肪就會在體內堆積。

●

contribute to N/V-ing

促成／有助於⋯⋯

= result in

= give rise to

Clear communication among team members contributes to the success of a project.
團隊成員之間的清楚溝通有助於專案的成功。

●

static electricity

靜電

Rubbing your feet on the floor can cause a build-up
of static electricity.
把腳放在地板上摩擦可以造成靜電增加。

More to Learn

electricity [ ͵ilɛkˋtrɪsətɪ ] n. 電(力)

• Electricity usage usually increases significantly during the summer.

用電量在夏季期間通常會顯著增加。

字首 electr- / electro- 表「電(子)的」，以下介紹此類字首的常見單字:

a. electric [ ɪˋlɛktrɪk ] a. 帶電的;電的;用電操作的(常接具體名詞)

an electric charge 電荷

= an electrical charge

• The invention of the electric fan made life in hot places much more pleasant.

電扇的發明使得高溫地區的生活舒適多了。

b. electron [ ɪˋlɛktrɑn ] n. 電子

• Electrons are tiny particles found in atoms.

電子是存在於原子中的微小粒子。

c. electrical [ ɪˋlɛktrɪk! ] a. 用電操作的

• The 10 a.m. train was delayed due to an electrical problem.

早上十點的那班火車因為電力問題而誤點。

d. electrician [ ͵ilɛkˋtrɪʃən ] n. 電工

• The electrician fixed the wiring issue in my house.

電工修好了我家的電線問題。

e. electronic [ ɪlɛkˋtrɑnɪk ] a. 電子的，使用電子器件的

• Make sure to unplug big electronic equipment if you are leaving home for a long time.

如果你要外出很長一段時間，務必要拔掉大型電器的插頭。

f. electronics [ ɪlɛkˋtrɑnɪks ] n. 電子產品(恆用複數);電子學

• Our company transports electronics to various retailers around the world.

我們公司運送電子產品到全球各地的零售商。

g. electronica [ ɪˌlɛkˈtrɒnɪkə ] n. 電子音樂

• Lily enjoys listening to electronica for relaxation.

莉莉喜歡聽電子音樂來放鬆心情。

中文翻譯(& 答案)

你是否曾在脫下毛衣時驚訝地被電了一下?那是靜電: 一種電荷的累積。它發生在當兩個物品相互摩擦時，電子會從一個物品或一個人身上轉移到另一個物品或人身上。如果一個物體擁有過多的電子，它就會帶負電荷。另一方面，當某物缺少電子時，它自然而然地會帶正電荷。相反的電荷會互相吸引，所以當一個帶負電荷的物體接觸到一個帶正電荷的物體時，電子會從帶有負電荷的物體流向帶有正電荷的物體，直到電荷平衡。

當人體帶有過多的正電荷，就容易產生靜電。舉例來說，這種電子流動會在你穿著襪子走過鋪有地毯的地板後、觸摸到金屬物體時產生電火花或觸電感。此外，靜電在冬天比在夏天更常見。這是因為冬天的空氣通常比較乾燥，而乾燥空氣的導電能力不如潮溼空氣好。因此，靜電電荷更容易在物體上累積。

雖然靜電通常無害，但卻很惱人，有時甚至會很痛苦。你可以採取一些方法來將靜電降到最低。一個有效的方式包括使用加溼器來添加溼氣到空氣中，這會增加你家中的溼度，有助於防止靜電累積。此外，因為乾燥的皮膚也可能導致靜電，所以保持皮膚溼潤也可以減少靜電電荷累積的可能性。

1. 根據文章，下列哪個敘述不正確?

(A) 靜電有時會造成不舒服。

(B) 讓皮膚不乾燥有助於減少靜電。

(D) 沒有已知的方法來對抗靜電現象。

2. 為什麼靜電在冬季更容易發生?

(A) 冬季降雨較多。

(B) 空氣的溼度較低。

(D) 相反的電荷更容易互相吸引。

3. 關於靜電發生時的粒子流動，以下哪個是正確的?

題解: 根據第一段，當一個帶負電荷的物體接觸到一個帶正電荷的物體時，電子會從帶有負電荷的物體流向帶有正電荷的物體，直到電荷平衡，選項中僅圖 (B) 符合，故選之。

本篇內容出自《常春藤解析/生活英語雜誌》，
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