圍牆聳立之都： 卡卡頌 The Walled City of Carcassonne

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城牆如何讓一個法國小鎮保持安然無恙

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 行遍天下 

Bruce、Antony

        In the past, the world could be a dangerous place. Armies might invade and bandits were always roaming about. How could people protect themselves? One solution was to build a wall surrounding one’s town or city.

 　　One of the best examples of a walled city is Carcassonne in southern France. At one time, it was just a small, sleepy town on a hilltop, but then around 100 BCE, the Romans came and began building fortifications. Over the next 2,000 years, control of the region changed hands several times, with each new ruler adding more walls and towers.

 　　As centuries passed, Carcassonne grew into a city and became part of France. The French reinforced the wall since it was close to the border with Spain, which was sometimes an enemy. Carcassonne ended up with a 3-kilometer-long double wall with 53 towers. During the 1600s, the region became less important strategically and the fortress fell into ruin. In fact, the French government wanted to tear down the castle in 1849, but the decision caused an uproar among the public. Instead, the entire structure was restored and preserved for future generations.

 　　Today, the wall is no longer needed for defense, and Carcassonne has become a popular tourist destination. The wall’s main job now is to please armies of tourists instead of stopping armies of soldiers!

 

圍牆聳立之都：卡卡頌
城牆如何讓一個法國小鎮保持安然無恙
　　在過去，世界可能是個危險的地方。軍隊可能會入侵而盜賊總是四處遊蕩。那人們如何保護他們自己呢？有一個方法就是在其小鎮或城市周圍建造一堵牆。
　　城牆圍繞之都其中一個最佳的例子就是在法國南部的城市卡卡頌。曾經，它只是個在山頂上小又寂靜的城鎮，但大約在西元前一百
年，羅馬人來到這裡且開始築壘。在接下來的兩千年裡，該區的控制權歷經多次易主，而每一位新統治者都會增加更多的城牆跟塔樓。
　　隨著數個世紀的過去，卡卡頌發展成一座城市且變成法國的一部份。法國人鞏固了圍牆因為它緊鄰西班牙的邊界，而西班牙時而為敵人。卡卡頌最終有一個三公里長的雙層牆和五十三座塔樓。在十七世紀時，這個區域在戰略位置上變的較不重要且堡壘也逐漸坍塌。事實上，法國政府在 1849 年時想要拆掉堡壘，但此決定在民間引發了軒然大波。取而代之的是，這整個建築被修復及保存給未來世代的人們。
　　今日，這堵高牆不再是作為抵禦使用，而卡卡頌也變成了一個熱門的觀光景點。這座城牆現在主要的工作不再是為了抵禦外侮，而是為了取悅一群又一群的觀光客大軍！

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