解析文法
倒裝句構的目的是藉由句中某些詞類的倒置,以強調整個句子的語氣。常見的倒裝句構 共有五種,分述如下:
1. 否定倒裝句:就是將否定副詞、否定副詞片語和否定副詞子句移至句首的倒裝句。
a. 常用的否定副詞:
never(從不)、rarely / seldom(很少)、hardly / scarcely(幾乎不)、little(一點兒也不)
b. 常用的否定副詞片語:
by no means / in no way / on no account / under no circumstances(絕對不)、only by V-ing (只有藉由⋯⋯)
c. 常用的否定副詞子句:
not until + S + V(直到⋯⋯)、only when + S + V(只有到⋯⋯的時候)、only after + S + V(只有 到⋯⋯之後)
d. 倒裝方式:
將否定副詞、否定副詞片語或否定副詞子句移至句首,再檢查原句構主詞後的動詞,並採問句句型倒裝。
He has never done it before.
→ Never has he done it before.(他從來沒做過這件事。)
You are by no means the person we are discussing.
→ By no means are you the person we are discussing.(你絕非我們正在討論的人。)
Jim didn’t start preparing for the exam until the day before.
→ Not until the day before did Jim start preparing for the exam.(吉姆一直到考試前一天才開始準備。)
2. 地方副詞倒裝句:地方副詞(there、here)或地方副詞片語(in the room、at the station、by the window 等)置於句首時,亦可形成倒裝句。此類倒裝句全部依動詞的性質做變化,句型如下:
a. 主詞 + 不及物動詞 + 地方副詞/地方副詞片語
→ 地方副詞/地方副詞片語 + 不及物動詞 + 主詞
A girl sat by the door.
→ By the door sat a girl.(門邊坐著一個女孩。)
b. 主詞 + be 動詞 + 過去分詞 + 地方副詞/地方副詞片語 → 地方副詞/地方副詞片語 + be 動詞 + 過去分詞 + 主詞
A bird was locked in the cage.
→ In the cage was locked a bird.(籠子裡關著一隻鳥。)
c. 主詞 + be 動詞 + 現在分詞 + 地方副詞/地方副詞片語
→ 現在分詞 + 地方副詞/地方副詞片語 + be 動詞 + 主詞
My father was standing in front of the gate.
→ Standing in front of the gate was my father.(我爸爸正站在大門前。)
3. so / such 倒裝句:在 “so... that...” 或 “such... that...” 的句構中,若將 so 或 such 及其所引導的詞 類置於句首時,亦採倒裝句構,句法與否定倒裝句完全相同。
Bill is so helpful that we all like him.
→ So helpful is Bill that we all like him.(比爾這麼樂於助人,因此我們都喜歡他。)
He will play such an important part in the movie that he will get a large percentage of the profits.
→ Such an important part in the movie will he play that he will get a large percentage of the profits.
他在那部電影中所擔任的角色如此重要,因此他將可分得相當大的利潤。
He came so late that he missed the train.
→ So late did he come that he missed the train.(他太晚到,所以沒趕上火車。)