文章主講 賴世雄
倒裝句構的目的是藉由句中某些詞類的倒置,以強調整個句子的語氣。常見的倒裝句構共有五種,分述如下:
1. 否定倒裝句:就是將否定副詞、否定副詞片語和否定副詞子句移至句首的倒裝句。
a. 常用的否定副詞:
never (從不)、 rarely / seldom (很少)、 hardly / scarcely (幾乎不)、 little (一點兒也不)
b. 常用的否定副詞片語:
by no means / in no way / on no account / under no circumstances (絕對不)、 only by V-ing ( 只有藉由⋯⋯ )
c. 常用的否定副詞子句:
not until + S + V (直到⋯⋯ )、 only when + S + V (只有到⋯⋯ 的時候)、 only after + S + V (只有到⋯⋯ 之後)
d. 倒裝方式:
將否定副詞、否定副詞片語或否定副詞子句移至句首,再檢查原句構主詞後的動詞,並採問句句型倒裝。
He has never done it before.
→ Never has he done it before. (他從來沒做過這件事。)
You are by no means the person we are discussing.
→ By no means are you the person we are discussing. (你絕非我們正在討論的人。)
Jim didn ’t start preparing for the exam until the day before.
→ Not until the day before did Jim start preparing for the exam. (吉姆一直到考試前一天才開始準備。)
2. 地方副詞倒裝句:地方副詞( there 、 here )或地方副詞片語( in the room 、 at the station 、 by the window 等)置於句首時,亦可形成倒裝句。此類倒裝句全部依動詞的性質做變化,句型如下:
a. 主詞 + 不及物動詞 + 地方副詞/地方副詞片語
→ 地方副詞/地方副詞片語 + 不及物動詞 + 主詞
A girl sat by the door.
→ By the door sat a girl. (門邊坐著一個女孩。)
b. 主詞 + be 動詞 + 過去分詞 + 地方副詞/地方副詞片語
→ 地方副詞/地方副詞片語 + be 動詞 + 過去分詞 + 主詞
A bird was locked in the cage.
→ In the cage was locked a bird. (籠子裡關著一隻鳥。)
c. 主詞 + be 動詞 + 現在分詞 + 地方副詞/地方副詞片語
→ 現在分詞 + 地方副詞/地方副詞片語 + be 動詞 + 主詞
My father was standing in front of the gate.
→ Standing in front of the gate was my father. (我爸爸正站在大門前。)
3. so / such 倒裝句:在 “so... that...” 或 “such... that...” 的句構中,若將 so 或 such 及其所引導的詞類置於句首時,亦採倒裝句構,句法與否定倒裝句完全相同。
Bill is so helpful that we all like him.
→ So helpful is Bill that we all like him. (比爾這麼樂於助人,因此我們都喜歡他。)
He will play such an important part in the movie that he will get a large percentage of the profits.
→ Such an important part in the movie will he play that he will get a large percentage of the profits.
他在那部電影中所擔任的角色如此重要,因此他將可分得相當大的利潤。
He came so late that he missed the train.
→ So late did he come that he missed the train. (他太晚到,所以沒趕上火車。)
4. 完全倒裝句:
a. 主詞泛指所有的人或物,表「凡是⋯⋯ 的人或物」之意時,可使用本倒裝句。
主詞 + be 動詞 + 形容詞(含可作形容詞的過去分詞或現在分詞)
→ 形容詞 + be 動詞 + 主詞
He / One who is content is happy.
→ Happy is he / one who is content. (知足者常樂。── 凡是滿足的人都是快樂的)
b. 當句子的主詞過長或有過多修飾語時,可將主詞補語移到句首,其後的主詞與 be 動詞倒裝。
The fact that Gary ’s grades have improved by leaps and bounds is noteworthy.
→ Noteworthy is the fact that Gary ’ s grades have improved by leaps and bounds.
值得注意的是,蓋瑞的成績突飛猛進。
5. as 取代 though 的倒裝: though 所引導的副詞子句屬於下列五種句構時, though 可被 as 取代。
a. though + 主詞 + be 動詞 + 形容詞:形容詞可移至句首,再以 as 取代 though 。
Though he is nice, I dislike him.
→ Nice though / as he is, I dislike him. (雖然他很好,我還是不喜歡他。)
b. though + 主詞 + be 動詞 + 名詞:名詞可移至句首,再以 as 取代 though 。但名詞若為單數可數名詞,移至句首時,原有的不定冠詞 a 或 an 一定要省略。
Though he is a nice boy, I dislike him.
→ Nice boy though / as he is, I dislike him. (雖然他是個好孩子,我還是不喜歡他。)
c. though 引導的副詞子句中有副詞時,可將副詞移至句首,此時 though 亦可用 as 取代。
Though he studied hard, he failed the exam.
→ Hard though / as he studied, he failed the exam. (雖然他努力讀書,還是未能通過考試。)
d. though 引導的副詞子句若無副詞時,可在句首添入副詞 much (很),再接 though 或 as 即可。
Though he loves me, I dislike him.
→ Much though / as he loves me, I dislike him. (他雖然很愛我,我就是不喜歡他。)
e. though 引導的副詞子句有助動詞 may 時,其後原形動詞可置於句首,再接 though 或 as 即可。
Though you may try, you can ’t make him change his mind.
→ Try though / as you may, you can ’t make him change his mind.
你儘管嘗試,但你是無法令他改變心意的。
精選試題
1. Only when I am late for school ______ take a taxi.
(A) I (B) do I (C) I will (D) and I
2. ______ to see her, he didn’t have the courage.
(A) He wanted much (B) Much he wanted
(C) He wanted as much (D) Much as he wanted
3. 請將本句改為倒裝句:My classmates are playing basketball over there.
Ans: 1. (B) 2. (D) 3. Playing basketball over there are my classmates.
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