



大家都在討論這個世代「什麼都漲,就是薪水不漲」,但生活還是要繼續,總不能就這樣看著薪水凍齡,它不漲大家就想辦法增加其他收入來源,這似乎造就了「 投資理財 」成為了顯學,人人朗朗上口。但是大家常把投資理財這個詞掛在嘴邊說,卻不一定清楚它真正的涵義;或者你明白投資理財的意思,卻不知道怎麼開始執行。該如何是好呢?我接著來為你說明!
理財等同於投資?不對欸不對!
很多人覺得理財投資是同一回事,我要理財,就要懂得投資,但我就不會投資啊,這樣是不是就沒辦法把理財做好啊?不!這觀念是錯的!理財的想法其實就是,只要你有工作收入、有開銷和支出,就一定要學好管理你的財務,就算你只有領零用錢也可以開始理財;而投資,只是理財的其中一部分,想要投資,你的理財基礎就要夠穩固,不然投資失利或拿過多的資金去投資,導致風險過高,反而會影響生活狀況。所以雖然平常大家都會把兩者放在一起討論,但其實理財不等於投資,想投資,就要先學好理財呦!
而平常我們提到理財,普遍會直接聯想到買股票、買基金、錢滾錢等投資概念。這些都沒錯,但卻只是理財的其中一部分,而非全部。除了讓資產增值的投資行為之外,如何「保護資產、避免資產大幅縮水(protect your assets and prevent significant losses.)」,是很重要的理財基礎。
怎麼說呢?想像一下,我們每個人都有一個口袋,努力工作後把錢放進口袋,這些錢不但要用來支應日常開銷、提高生活品質,更好的情況是還能夠有儲蓄,讓資產慢慢累積,以便退休無法工作後,能養活自己。
而不論我們努力存錢、投資的目標是什麼,應該都是想完成心目中的夢想或理想,而不是把辛苦賺來的報酬,拿去給醫生付醫藥費吧?所以存錢的過程中,最怕的莫過於口袋突然有了破洞,不論是「收入中斷」或者「額外開支」,都可能使我們期待的生活化為烏有。由於我們無法控制「意外」和「明天」哪個先到,因此是否有做好足夠的事前準備,在「意外」把我們口袋弄破時,及時的將破洞補起來,以便保護我們的資產,是非常重要的控制風險觀念,這就是「保險」的功用。
英文小貼士
income interruption 收入中斷
unexpected expenses 額外開支
- I had to dip into my savings when I faced an income interruption during my medical leave.(在我醫療假期期間,我不得不動用我的儲蓄,因為我面臨了收入中斷的情況。)
- My car broke down, and I had to pay for unexpected expenses like towing and repairs.(我的汽車故障了,我必須支付拖車和維修等意外開支。)

所以,「適度地」把口袋可能會破洞的預防工作準備好,能夠避免許多意外而造成的開支,防止這些額外支出影響我們的財務目標,這也是為什麼「保險」是「 理財金字塔 」中最基礎的部分,而不是「儲蓄」或「投資」。但這也不是說要叫你買很多保險,那到底要拿多少錢去買保險呢?買完之後剩下的錢就都存起來嗎?

想要分配得宜,就要知道「理財金三角」
可能會有些人把很大一部分錢存在銀行定存,或拿過多的錢去投資,甚至買了一大堆的保險繳了很多保費,這些都是收入 分配 不恰當的情況。而「 理財金三角 」,或稱為「 541 法則」或「 631 法則」,就是為了讓你適當的分配收入。它的原則非常簡單,是將個人或家庭的「年收入」分為 3 個部分進行財務分配:
英文小貼士
daily expenses 日常開支
investment and financial management 投資理財(投資與財務管理)
risk management 風險管理
annual income 年收入
- Reducing unnecessary daily expenses can help you save more money each month.(減少不必要的日常開支可以幫助您每個月存更多錢。)
- Successful investment and financial management can lead to long-term financial security.(成功的投資與財務管理可以帶來長期的財務安全。)
- Insurance is a common tool for risk management, protecting against unexpected events.(保險是風險管理的常見工具,保護不受意外事件的影響。)
- Knowing your annual income is crucial for budgeting and financial planning.(了解您的年收入對預算和財務規劃至關重要。)
bonds 債券
fixed deposits 定存
savings insurance 儲蓄險
investment-linked policies 投資型保單
real estate 房地產
- The company issued corporate bonds to fund its expansion projects.(公司發行了企業債券來資助其擴張項目。)
- I put my extra savings into a fixed deposit account to earn more interest.(我將多餘的儲蓄存入定存帳戶,以賺取更多利息。)
- Some people prefer savings insurance because it offers both a savings component and life insurance coverage.(有些人更喜歡儲蓄險,因為它既提供儲蓄的組成部分,又提供壽險保障。)
- Investment-linked policies offer the potential for higher returns but also come with investment risks.(投資型保單提供更高回報的潛力,但也伴隨著投資風險。)
- Investing in real estate can provide a steady source of rental income.(投資房地產可以提供穩定的租金收入來源。)

當然,這些理財原則並非絕對,依每個人情況不同當然應該有所調整;不過對於想要規畫投資理財及保險,卻沒有頭緒的人來說,至少有個基本的參考方向。
而如果保險與生活開銷的比重佔得太高,過於壓縮投資理財所佔的比例,會使得個人資產累積的速度太慢,不但來不及完成人生目標,甚至還會無暇因應退休生活的準備,除應檢視自身不必要之花費外,重新做一次保單健檢,看看保費負擔是否已超過負荷,並著手進行調整;若發現一切正常,但是日常開支與保險佔比仍然太高,那便可能是收入太低所致,此時更應控制開支比例,並想辦法提升收入與投資理財佔比,才有機會扭轉現況。
反之,如果風險管理的比重太低、甚至完全沒有,而將投資理財的比重拉得過高,當意外發生或者市場震盪過大,便很可能讓辛苦累積的資產功虧一簣。值得注意的是,10 % 的風險管理,指的是以「保障」為主要目的之保險費用,如意外險、醫療險、癌症險、重大疾病險、定期和終身壽險等「保障型保險」;而我們常常聽到的 儲蓄險 、投資型保單等「理財型保險」,並不算是以保障為主要目的,因此不納入在這10%之中,應該歸類到40 % 的投資理財項目裡。
有了這個架構,應該能有助於你思考自己的收入應該如何分配,但千要要記得定期檢視分配的比例,是否需要重新調整,畢竟人生各階段的生活情況不同,視情況做調整是很必須的喔!只要觀念正確、大原則不變,相信大家都能理出財富!
英文小貼士
accident insurance 意外險
health insurance 醫療險
cancer insurance 癌症險
major illness insurance 重大疾病險
term life insurance / whole life insurance(定期 / 終身)壽險
- Accident insurance often includes coverage for various types of accidents, including car accidents and slips and falls.(意外險通常包括對各種意外事件的保障,包括車禍和摔倒等。)
- Having health insurance is essential to access quality healthcare without worrying about high medical bills.(擁有醫療險是能夠在不擔心高昂醫療費用的情況下獲得高質量的醫療保健的重要保障。)
- Some people purchase cancer insurance as a supplemental policy to their regular health insurance for additional protection.(有些人購買癌症險作為他們普通醫療險的補充保單,以獲得額外的保障。)
- Major illness insurance can provide financial security in the face of conditions like heart attacks, strokes, or cancer.(重大疾病險可以在面對心臟病發作、中風或癌症等情況時提供財務保障。)
- Term life insurance and whole life insurance are two common types of life insurance policies.(定期壽險和終身壽險是兩種常見的壽險政策類型。)

You should report the loss of your luggage to the police.
你遺失了行李應該要去報警才是。
Mr. Wang’s death was a great loss to our company.
王先生去世是我們公司的一大損失。
Toby has been very down since the loss of his pet dog.
托比自從愛犬過世後,心情就一直很沮喪。
I’m at a loss as to what I should do.
我很迷惘,不知該怎麼做。
As soon as Molly left the room, her baby cried.
茉莉一離開房間,她的小寶寶就哭了。
I left my cellphone in the office.
我把手機留在辦公室裡了。
Ian left the door open, so that I could come in.
伊恩讓門開著,這樣我才能進來。
John left for Hong Kong yesterday.
約翰昨天動身前往香港。
I'll take leave to attend my sister's wedding.
我會請假去參加妹妹的婚禮。
My car broke down yesterday, so I’m going to have it repaired today.
我的車子昨天拋錨了,因此我今天要把它拿去送修。
The truck is badly in need of repair.
這輛卡車極需修理。
The car is beyond repair. You should buy a new one.
那輛車不能修理了。你該買新車了。
The bridge is under repair. Please take a detour.
橋正在維修中。請繞道行駛。
Parents shouldn't run the risk of leaving their children alone.
父母不應冒讓小孩獨處的風險。
The soldier risked his life trying to save his friend.
那位士兵冒著生命危險,企圖拯救他的朋友。
Jane's father warns her not to risk traveling alone.
珍的爸爸警告她不要冒險獨自去旅行。
Rita's mistake put her children at risk.
莉塔犯的錯使她的孩子遭受危險。
Earthquakes are common in this part of the world.
在地球的這一帶,地震可說是司空見慣。
We had a common goal, so we decided to work together.
我們有共同的目標,所以決定要一起合作。
Even though we are twins, we have very little in common with each other.
雖然我們是雙胞胎,彼此的共同點卻很少。
While riding a scooter, you should wear a helmet because it’ll protect your head.
你騎機車時應該要戴安全帽,因為安全帽可以保護頭部。
Albert tried to protect his family from the gangsters.
亞伯特試著保護家人免受歹徒的傷害。
Parents are responsible for protecting their children from getting hurt.
父母要負責保護孩子免受傷害。
Eddy’s birthday party is a big event this week.
艾迪的生日派對是本週的大事。
The women’s 200-meter freestyle will be the next event.
下一個比賽項目是女子 200 公尺自由式。
I’ll back you up in the event of any trouble.
萬一有麻煩,我一定做你的後盾。
I’ll back you up in the event that there is any trouble.
萬一有麻煩,我一定做你的後盾。
It is crucial that the doctor (should) perform an immediate operation on the badly injured man.
醫師立即為這名嚴重受傷的人動手術是很重要的。
Your dedication is very crucial to the success of our company.
你的奉獻對本公司的成功來說極為重要。
Your dedication plays a crucial role in the success of our company.
你的奉獻對本公司的成功來說極為重要。
We have to carry out the project on a tight budget.
我們必須在有限的預算下完成案子。
We budgeted $3,000 for our month-long trip to Europe.
我們要到歐洲旅遊一個月,預算為 3 千美金。
To get the work done on time, you need to learn how to budget your time.
要準時完工的話,你就得學習如何審慎規劃你的時間。
There is a special emotional bond between the mother and the newborn baby.
母親與新生兒之間存在一種特別的情感聯繫。
I was so desperate for money that I cashed the bonds my grandmother gave me.
我急著要錢,因此把祖母給我的債券全拿去兌現了。
The glue promises to bond any metal to any surface.
這瓶膠水保證能把金屬黏在任何表面上。
It’s hard for Jim to bond with his co-workers.
吉姆很難和他同事打成一片。
The issue of sexual discrimination in the office was widely discussed during the meeting.
會議中辦公室性別歧視的議題被廣泛討論。
Susan took issue with Peter over who should be responsible for the mistake.
針對誰應對這個錯負責,蘇珊與彼得有所爭論。
What is at issue now is when we should deal with the problem.
現在受爭議的問題是,我們應要何時處理這個問題。
The latest issue of Vogue magazine featured an interview with Gal Gadot.
最新一期的《時尚》雜誌特刊出蓋兒•加朵的專訪。
The government has issued a large number of booklets to explain its new policies.
政府發行很多手冊來解釋它的新政策。
The pan comes with some nice extras, such as these mugs.
平底鍋有附一些不錯的加購品,比如這些杯子。
We need an extra two hours to complete the work.
我們需要額外 2 個小時才能完成這工作。
The restaurant charges extra if we bring our own drinks.
如果我們自己帶飲料,那家餐廳會額外收費。
I'd like to open a savings account at the bank.
我想在銀行開一個儲蓄帳戶。
I read an account of the plane crash in the newspaper.
我在報紙上讀到一篇有關墜機事件的報導。
Larry failed the exam on account of laziness.
賴瑞因懶惰而沒通過考試。
Before asking Bob to handle this huge mission, you should take his physical condition into account.
你要鮑伯處理此一艱鉅的任務之前,應要先考慮他的身體狀況。
Hard work accounts for Daisy's success.
努力是黛西成功的原因。
Before using the service, you need to set up an account.
在使用這項服務之前,你需要建立帳號。
The novel interested me a lot. I want to read it again.
我對那本小說很感興趣。我想要再讀一遍。
I have no interest in music. I love dancing.
我對音樂沒興趣,我喜歡跳舞。
Playing computer games is Henry's main interest.
亨利最主要的嗜好是玩電腦遊戲。
Economic diplomacy has been a key component of India’s foreign policy.
經濟外交一直以來都是印度外交政策重要的一部分。
The company made and sold computer components to various manufacturers in Asia.
這間公司製造和販賣電腦零件給亞洲不同的製造商。
Jason works as a sales manager for a company that sells automotive component parts.
傑森在一間銷售汽車零件的公司擔任業務經理。
The news coverage about this young man was strongly biased.
關於這位年輕人的新聞報導嚴重偏頗。
My insurance policy provides coverage against fire and theft.
我的保險單提供承保了火災和竊盜險。
This reference book provides comprehensive coverage of the subject we ’re talking about.
這本工具書涵蓋了我們現在所談論的題材所有的面向。
When will you return to Taiwan?
你什麼時候會回臺灣?
You should return the book to the library by Friday.
你要在星期五以前把這本書還給圖書館。
My mom told me that when someone helped me, I also had to return the favor.
我媽告訴我,當有人幫助我時,我也必須回報。
No one knows the date of Owen’s return from France.
沒人知道歐文從法國回來的日期。
All the old man wanted was the safe return of his expensive violin.
那老人只想要他那昂貴的小提琴平安歸來。
I gave Martin a watch in return for his help.
我給馬丁一隻手錶以回報他的幫忙。
On Mandy’s birthday, Tom wished her many happy returns.
在曼蒂生日當天,湯姆祝她長命百歲。
It’s hard to find a steady job these days.
這年頭要找一份穩定的工作很難。
James leaned on the wall in order to steady himself.
詹姆士靠在牆上以穩住自己的身體。
John is going steady with Mary, and they will probably get married one day.
約翰和瑪莉穩定交往,他們很可能有一天會結婚。
Tammy has been dating Chris for six months. He’s her steady.
塔米跟克里斯約會六個月了。他已是她的穩定男友。
Norman slipped and fell on the muddy road.
諾曼在泥濘的道路上滑了一跤。
Melvin tried to catch the fluttering bill, but it slipped out of his hand.
馬文試圖抓住飛舞的紙鈔,但它卻從手中溜走了。
As time slipped by, I thought less and less about my ex-boyfriend.
隨著時間流逝,我越來越少想前男友了。
Oil prices have slipped in recent weeks.
最近幾週油價一直在下跌。
The girl’s name just slipped my mind.
我忘了那女孩的名字。
The whole plan will fail with the slightest slip.
任何一點小過失都會讓計畫全盤失敗。
Lulu wrote down her phone number on a slip of paper and gave it to me.
露露把她的電話號碼寫在一張紙條上給我。
The old woman fell down and hurt her leg.
老婆婆跌倒,傷了腿。
The temperature has been falling for the past week.
過去一週氣溫持續下降。
There has been a fall in house prices.
房價已下跌了。
Last fall, I went to visit my aunt in Spain.
去年秋天,我到西班牙看我阿姨。
The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track.
沿著一條泥濘小路是到那棟大樓的唯一途徑。
Students in this school have easy access to the lab.
該校的學生可隨時使用實驗室。
You need a card to access the building at night.
晚上時,你需要用一張卡來進入那棟建築。
Every time I access this file, my computer crashes.
每當我要讀取這個檔案時,我的電腦就會當機。
In Western countries, the father of the bride traditionally foots the bill for the wedding.
在西方國家,傳統上婚禮是由新娘的父親付帳。
I need five 100-dollar bills.
我需要 5 張 100 元的鈔票。
Congress passed the new bill to help endangered animals.
國會通過這項幫助瀕危動物的新法案。
A woodpecker has a strong bill.
啄木鳥的喙很硬。
The garage billed William for the repairs to his car.
修車廠給威廉開立修車的帳單。
I purchased some face masks and hand sanitizer at the store.
我在店裡買了些口罩和乾洗手。
I made a purchase of some face masks and hand sanitizer at the store.
我在店裡買了些口罩和乾洗手。
I bought some face masks and hand sanitizer at the store.
我在店裡買了些口罩和乾洗手。
You need proof of purchase to claim a refund.
你需要購買證明才能要求退款。
Joyce is one of our store’s regular customers.
喬伊絲是我們店裡的常客之一。
John doesn’t have a regular job.
404 約翰沒有固定的工作。
Peggy visits her grandmother on a regular basis.
佩琪定期探望她的祖母。
My sister’s boyfriend phones her at 8 p.m. every day, regular as clockwork.
我姊姊的男朋友每天晚上 8 點打電話給她,非常準時。
Tommy looks like a regular guy, but in fact, he is a billionaire.
湯米看起來像普通人,但事實上他是個億萬富豪。
The bartender offered the regulars free drinks on New Year’s Eve.
調酒師在跨年夜提供常客免費的飲料。
So many children came to the party that additional tables and chairs were required.
參加派對的孩子真多,以致於需要備用的桌椅。
You have to pay an additional charge for overweight baggage.
超重的行李你必須額外付費。
Completion of this project calls for an additional $500,000.
要完成這項計畫另需 50 萬美元。
The second-hand car is still in excellent condition.
這輛二手車的車況仍相當不錯。
I can lend you the money on the condition that you pay it back on time.
你若準時還錢,我就借給你。
Many people have been conditioned to believe that men should not cry.
很多人已經習慣地認為男人不應該哭。
My uncle’s behavior changed after he suffered a stroke.
我叔叔中風之後,行為舉止都變了。
With a stroke of his pen, Simon signed his name.
賽門一筆簽下他的名字。
The champion swimmer’s best stroke is definitely backstroke.
這名冠軍泳將最擅長的游法非仰式莫屬。
The player hit a home run with one stroke of his bat.
這名球員用球棒一揮就擊出全壘打。
Scientists say that stroking your pet can improve your mood.
科學家說撫摸寵物可以改善心情。
Greta usually dips into novels after work to help her relax.
葛瑞塔下班後經常看小說以幫助她放鬆。
The car broke down in the middle of nowhere.
這輛車子在荒郊野外拋錨了。
Sally has worked hard to break down the wall of fear and try something new.
莎莉努力打破恐懼之牆並嘗試新事物。
This machine can break down plastic into smaller particles. 這臺機器能夠將塑膠分解成更小的顆粒。
Let me pay for the meal.
這頓飯讓我來付錢。
Ron saves money by riding a bike to school.
榮恩騎腳踏車去上學來省錢。
These pills can protect against some of the complications of the disease.
這些藥丸可以避免那種疾病的某些併發症。
By investing in real estate, Tom made a huge fortune.
湯姆投資房地產賺翻了。
All main meals come with salad, soup, and dessert.
所有主餐均附有沙拉、湯和甜點。
Oscar invested heavily in the property market in recent years.
近幾年來奧斯卡投資了很多錢在房市。
Ed gave me a brief introduction of the four types of life insurance provided by the company.
艾德為我簡略介紹這家公司提供的 4 種人壽保險。
The mother worried about her son’s health.
這位母親很擔心她兒子的健康。
What would you do in the face of such a problem?
面臨這樣的問題時,你會怎麼辦?
After Cindy's father had a heart attack, he quit smoking.
辛蒂的父親在一次心臟病發作後便戒菸了。
恭喜答對獲得 熊贈點 1點
