§ 中文的『動詞』本身無法反映『時間』,必須藉助像『去年』、『明天』等時間副詞(片語)來表達。英文雖然也有時間副詞(片語)如 last year, tomorrow 等,但英文的動詞須配合該動作的『時間』、『狀態』作變化。換言之,英文的動詞必須如『時』表『態』。這就是英文『時態』的意義。
時態分為三時四式,共 12 種
三時
四式
現在 過去 未來 簡單式 He talks. He talked. He will talk. 進行式 He is talking. He was talking. He will be talking. 完成式 He has talked. He had talked. He will have talked. 完成進行式 He has been talking. He had been talking. He will have been talking. 圖示:
✦<要點 #1> |
現在簡單式:表現在的『事實』、『狀態』或『真理』 |
句型:S + 現在式 V…… |
《補充說明》
(1) 一般動詞之後加 "s":
work → works sleep → sleeps
(2) 字尾是 s, ch, sh, x 或 z 時加 "es":
kiss → kisses teach → teaches push → pushes
fax → faxes buzz → buzzes
(3) 字尾是子音 + y 時,將 y 改為 i,再加 "es":
study → studies cry → criestry try → tries worry → worries
但字尾是母音 + y 時,只加 "s":
play → plays enjoy → enjoys
(4) 子音 + o 時,加 "es":
do → does go → goes
過去簡單式:表過去的『事實』、『動作』或『狀態』 |
句型:S + 過去式 V …… |
《補充說明》 英文動詞的過去式及過去分詞有規則和不規則變化,沒把握時宜參閱字典。
未來簡單式:表未來的『動作』、『事實』或『狀態』 | ||||||
句型:
|
《補充說明》 『時間』、『條件』副詞子句的未來式限用現在式代之,如:I'll talk with him
when he comes back tomorrow.(他明天回來時我將跟他談一談。)
Last night, I stayed up until one.
我昨晚熬夜到 1 點。
The principal is about to arrive.
校長快要到了。
Alan paid his best friend a visit on Saturday.
亞倫禮拜六去拜訪他的摯友。
Dennis liked the restaurant so much that he came back many times.
丹尼斯很喜歡這間餐廳,所以他再訪好幾次了。
Brad and Jennifer’s marriage ended in divorce.
布萊德和珍妮佛的婚姻最後以離婚收場。
Rachel bought an alarm clock to help her wake up early.
瑞秋買了一個鬧鐘來幫助她早起。
Ted was late for work this morning because he didn’t hear the alarm clock going off.
泰德今天早上上班遲到,因為他沒有聽到鬧鐘響。
After Cindy's father had a heart attack, he quit smoking.
辛蒂的父親在一次心臟病發作後便戒菸了。
Steven left home at the age of 25.
史蒂芬在 25 歲時離家。
According to the victim, the robber is a lefthanded man.
根據受害者的說法,竊賊是一名左撇子的男子。
You need to throw away those stinky sneakers.
你應把那雙臭球鞋丟掉。