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✶分秒必爭！飛機逃生的黃金九十秒 The Race Against Time in Plane Crashes
The Race Against Time in Plane Crashes
#素養 #休閒旅遊 #安全·醫療
難度 收藏文章
從飛機疏散時該做與不該做的事
>> eSIM 讓你出國變得更簡單！ Travel Easy with an eSIM
專題特寫｜本集 精彩教學影片（講解老師：Bruce & Antony 老師）
感謝喜愛教學影片的讀者, 7 月適逢老師放暑假期間，影片暫停拍攝，讀者們仍可透過 精彩教學講解音檔 學習！
What to do and not to do during a plane evacuation
No one wants to be in a plane crash, but there’s always a chance that it could occur. On the off chance that a tragedy happens, evacuating passengers and crew quickly and efficiently becomes the priority. On average, a passenger plane carries 300 people. Getting that many people off a crashed plane is no simple task, but it has to be done as quickly as possible.
>> 在臺北來一場愜意的春日遊吧！Springtime in Taipei
Post-crash fires are the greatest hazard if the plane has managed to crash-land with the fuselage still in one piece. Tests in the 1960s by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) revealed two types of post-crash dangers: a “fireball” and a “flashover.” A fireball is caused by escaped fuel that creates an ignitable mist over a crashed plane. A flashover occurs when the air inside a plane reaches temperatures so high that it will instantly ignite upon contact with fire. Either one of these situations can occur in under two minutes. As a result, the 90-second evacuation rule was imposed.
When a new aircraft is made, plane manufacturers are required to demonstrate that all passengers can be evacuated from the plane within 90 seconds. This requirement must be met before the aircraft receives its safety certification.
單字片語整理
Words in Use
●●n. 優先考慮的事（可數）；優先權（不可數）You need to get your priorities right so you can get things done on time.
你得搞清楚事情的優先順序，以便能把事情準時完成。You need to get your priorities straight so you can get things done on time.
你得搞清楚事情的優先順序，以便能把事情準時完成。Our top priority is to improve quality control on the assembly line.
我們的首要任務就是提升裝配線上的品質控管。Pedestrians at intersections have priority over vehicles.
相較於車輛，行人在十字路口有優先權。多益藍色英檢中高高中 Level 4●vt. 引發，激起（憤怒等），助長，增強n. 燃料vi. & vt. 填加燃料Your criticism will only add fuel to the fire.
你的批評只會火上加油而已。We're running out of gas, so we have to fuel up at the next gas station.
我們汽油快用完了，因此我們得在下個加油站加油了。Stop talking! Your remarks will only fuel Paul's anger.
別再說了！你的話只會激起保羅的憤怒。The news report fueled anger among the public.
這則新聞報導激起了民眾的憤怒。False information online fueled public panic.
網路上的假消息助長了民眾的恐慌。多益綠色英檢中級高中 Level 3●●●●vi. 示威vt. 示範；證明；展現，展示=displayThe salesman demonstrated how to work the machine to us.
該業務員向我們示範說明如何操作這部機器。Thousands of people demonstrated against the government this morning.
今天早上有好幾千人示威抗議政府。The scientist demonstrated the effectiveness of the new drug through carefully designed studies. 科學家透過精心設計的研究證明了這種新藥有效。
The manager tried to demonstrate his ability to lead the team.
經理試圖展現領導團隊的能力。多益藍色英檢中級高中 Level 4●evacuation[ɪ͵vækjʊˋeʃən]n. 撤離英檢中高●vi. & vt. . 撤離The government ordered five buildings to be
evacuated after the gas leak was discovered.
在發現瓦斯漏氣後，政府下令居民從這五棟建築物撤離。A large number of people were evacuated from the
village following the outbreak of the disease.
這疾病爆發後，很多人從那村莊被撤離。The residents were evacuated to safe areas before
the volcano erupted.
火山爆發前，居民已經被撤離到安全地區。英檢中高高中 Level 6●●fuselage[ˋfjuzəlaʒ]n. 飛機機身●ignitable[ɪgˋnaɪtəb!]a. 可燃性的●●certification[͵sɝtɪfəˋkeʃən]n. 證書Practical Phrases
●as + adj./adv. + as possible / one can儘可能地......Come here as soon as possible. I have something important to tell you.
儘快過來，我有重要的事要告訴你。
字首 post- 的用法
字首 post- 表示「在……之後」，可用來指時間、空間或順序。本文第二段中的 post-crash 即為 post- 加上名詞 crash（相撞事故）形成的複合形容詞，表「相撞事故之後的」之意。
post 之後是否要用連字號，須視該單字的習慣用法而定。
以下列舉常與 post- 搭配形成的單字：
post- + graduate
= postgraduate
n. 研究生
a. 研究生∕所的
post- + war
= post-war / postwar
a. 戰後的
post- + tax = posttax
a. 稅後的
例 Before graduating, Sarah applied for a postgraduate program.
莎拉在畢業前申請了一個研究所課程。
例 There were many job opportunities during the postwar period.
戰後時期有許多工作機會。
★ 字首 pre- 的用法
字首 pre- 表示「在……之前」，常見單字如下：
pre- + view = preview
n. & vt. 預習；預告
pre- + face = preface
n. 前言，序章
pre- + school
= preschool
n. 幼兒園
a. 學齡前的
例 Sam made good use of his time and previewed the next lesson.
山姆善用他的時間並預習了下一堂課。
請圈選出最適當的選項以完成句子
❶ Meeting the needs of customers is the main (minority / quantity / priority) of the business.
❷ We need to find a gas station because the car is low on (fuel / waste / junk).
❸ The government plans to (import / impose / imagine) stricter controls on guns.
答案: 1. priority 2. fuel 3. impose
沒有人願意遇到飛機失事，但這種情況總是有可能發生。儘管機率很小，但萬一悲劇發生，迅速且有效率地疏散乘客和機組人員成為首要之務。平均而言，一架客機載有三百人。要讓這麼多人撤離失事的飛機並非簡單的事，但還是必須儘快完成。
如果飛機能夠在緊急迫降時保持機身完整，飛機失事後發生的火災會是最大的危險。美國聯邦航空總署於 1960 年代進行的測試揭示了兩種失事後的危險：「火球」與「閃燃」。火球的產生是因漏出的燃料在墜毀的機體周圍形成可燃的薄霧。閃燃則是當飛機內部的空氣溫度達到極高時，一旦接觸到火源就會立刻引燃所致。這兩種情況都會在兩分鐘內發生。因此，便制定了九十秒疏散規則。
當一架新飛機製造完成時，飛機製造商必須證明所有乘客可以在九十秒內撤離飛機。必須滿足此要求才可以獲得這架飛機的安全認證。
本篇內容出自《常春藤解析/生活英語雜誌》，
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