



§ 中文的『動詞』本身無法反映『時間』,必須藉助像『去年』、『明天』等時間副詞(片語)來表達。英文雖然也有時間副詞(片語)如 last year, tomorrow 等,但英文的動詞須配合該動作的『時間』、『狀態』作變化。換言之,英文的動詞必須如『時』表『態』。這就是英文『時態』的意義。
時態分為三時四式,共 12 種
三時
四式
現在 過去 未來 簡單式 He talks. He talked. He will talk. 進行式 He is talking. He was talking. He will be talking. 完成式 He has talked. He had talked. He will have talked. 完成進行式 He has been talking. He had been talking. He will have been talking. 圖示:
| ✦<要點 #1> |
| 現在簡單式:表現在的『事實』、『狀態』或『真理』 |
|
句型:S + 現在式 V…… |
《補充說明》
(1) 一般動詞之後加 "s":
work → works sleep → sleeps
(2) 字尾是 s, ch, sh, x 或 z 時加 "es":
kiss → kisses teach → teaches push → pushes
fax → faxes buzz → buzzes
(3) 字尾是子音 + y 時,將 y 改為 i,再加 "es":
study → studies cry → criestry try → tries worry → worries
但字尾是母音 + y 時,只加 "s":
play → plays enjoy → enjoys
(4) 子音 + o 時,加 "es":
do → does go → goes
| 過去簡單式:表過去的『事實』、『動作』或『狀態』 |
|
句型:S + 過去式 V …… |
《補充說明》 英文動詞的過去式及過去分詞有規則和不規則變化,沒把握時宜參閱字典。
| 未來簡單式:表未來的『動作』、『事實』或『狀態』 | ||||||
|
句型:
|
《補充說明》 『時間』、『條件』副詞子句的未來式限用現在式代之,如:I'll talk with him
when he comes back tomorrow.(他明天回來時我將跟他談一談。)
Bees were buzzing around the flowers in the garden.
蜜蜂在花園裡嗡嗡地圍繞著花叢飛。
Reporters were buzzing around at the crime scene, trying to get more information about the case.
記者在犯罪現場忙進忙出,試圖得到更多該案的消息。
Steve pulled the car over when he heard something buzzing in the engine.
史提夫聽見引擎發出怪聲後,便把車子開到路邊停下來。
I had a bad sleep last night because of the buzz of mosquitoes.
我昨晚因為蚊子的嗡嗡聲睡得很不好。
Give me a buzz if you need help.
你若需要幫忙就打電話給我。
Our marketing team is trying to generate a ''buzz.''
我們的行銷團隊正試圖要製造『話題』。
Money has been a big worry for Harry since he lost his job.
自哈利失業後,他就一直煩惱錢的問題。
While on vacation, we were free from worry.
度假期間,我們完全沒有憂慮。
The mother worried about her son’s health.
這位母親很擔心她兒子的健康。
The mother was worried about her son’s health.
這位母親很擔心她兒子的健康。
Evan worries that they can’t finish the work on time.
艾凡擔心他們無法如期完成工作。
Evan is worried that they can’t finish the work on time.
艾凡擔心他們無法如期完成工作。
After the protest, the police feared that a riot would erupt anytime.
那場抗議之後,警方擔心暴動隨時會一觸即發。
After the protest, the police feared that a riot would break out anytime.
那場抗議之後,警方擔心暴動隨時會一觸即發。
After a pause, the entire room erupted into laughter and applause.
停頓了一下後,整個房間的人突然大笑並且鼓掌叫好。
After running for 50 minutes, Dianne stopped to take a rest.
黛安跑了50分鐘後停下來休息。
Tony said he could only talk to Phil for a minute.
東尼說他只能跟菲爾講一下話而已。
Please wait a minute. I ’ll take your order soon.
請稍等一下。我晚點會來幫您點餐。
We don't know who took the minutes of the last meeting.
我們不清楚上次做會議紀錄的人是誰。
Be careful. Don’t drop the vase.
小心。別讓花瓶掉下來。
Stock prices dropped sharply in Asia yesterday.
昨天亞洲的股價劇烈下跌。
Ken dropped by to see me this morning.
肯今早順道來拜訪我。
I dropped in on Stacey on my way home.
我回家途中順便去看史黛西。
Drop me a line if you can.
可以的話,寫信給我。
A drop of sweat ran down Harry’s forehead.
一滴汗珠從哈利的額頭流下來。
There was a sudden drop in temperature last night.
昨晚氣溫驟降。
We’ve been having nice weather over the past two weeks.
過去 2 個星期以來,我們這裡的天氣一直都不錯。
It’s fine weather today.
今天天氣很好。
The jet lag made me feel under the weather for several days.
時差感讓我不舒服了好幾天。
The outside walls of the house have been weathered by the sun.
房子外面的牆壁因日晒而褪色了。
Last night, I stayed up until one.
我昨晚熬夜到 1 點。
The principal is about to arrive.
校長快要到了。
Alan paid his best friend a visit on Saturday.
亞倫禮拜六去拜訪他的摯友。
Dennis liked the restaurant so much that he came back many times.
丹尼斯很喜歡這間餐廳,所以他再訪好幾次了。
Brad and Jennifer’s marriage ended in divorce.
布萊德和珍妮佛的婚姻最後以離婚收場。
Rachel bought an alarm clock to help her wake up early.
瑞秋買了一個鬧鐘來幫助她早起。
Ted was late for work this morning because he didn’t hear the alarm clock going off.
泰德今天早上上班遲到,因為他沒有聽到鬧鐘響。
After Cindy's father had a heart attack, he quit smoking.
辛蒂的父親在一次心臟病發作後便戒菸了。
Steven left home at the age of 25.
史蒂芬在 25 歲時離家。
According to the victim, the robber is a lefthanded man.
根據受害者的說法,竊賊是一名左撇子的男子。
You need to throw away those stinky sneakers.
你應把那雙臭球鞋丟掉。
